Aerodynamic performance sensitivity analysis of blade design for a 100 kW HAWT

Wind energy is gaining ever increasing popularity among renewable energy sources. In some European countries installed wind turbine capacity has reached over 20 % of the total power generation capacity. This paper examines aerodynamic performance sensitivity of wind turbine blades for main design variables. The sensitivity analysis has been conducted on a sample 100 kW three-bladed horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT). Taguchi robust design techniques and orthogonal arrays have been used to perform experimental optimization using five main parameters: airfoil NACA profile, root chord length, tip chord length, root radius and chord profile distribution along the blade’s length. The airfoil profiles and their aerodynamic data are taken from the NACA airfoil database for which experimental lift and drag coefficient data are available. The airfoils for the studied blades have the same profile from root to tip. Three sets of analyses have been performed according to three different base load wind speeds. The sensitivity results have been presented for the optimal tip speed ratio values

Empathy, a Facility to Reduce Conflict Among Individuals and Societies, and the Qur’ān

The aim of this study is to clarify whether the content of empathy, which is considered the process that motivates prosocial behaviour and prevents individuals and people doing harm to each other, is in harmony with the Qurʾān or not. If Muslims understand each other and non-Muslims as well, this will help in decreasing the conflicts and contribute to world peace. In this paper, to present the theoretical framework of empathy we will consider the concepts closely related to empathy such as sympathy and altruism etc. After that, we will discuss the verses that appear to be related to empathy in the Qurʾān. During that effort, a risk of exceeding our human level awaits us: To claim that we can empathize with God. Can we put ourselves in His place? I must say from the perspective of the Muslim approach “No!” Nevertheless, considering both classical and modern era Qur’anic commentaries, we can investigate God’s Book sent to the prophet Muḥammad (pbuh) to understand His intention. This is quite normal unless we claim that our level of understanding is absolute. According to preliminary findings, people are encouraged by the Qurʾān to do self-criticism, to keep themselves away from transgression, and not to take revenge. We suggest that, taken together, the logic behind these recommendations is for us to develop a sense of empathy in any situation of conflict

Piezoelectric wind power harnessing – an overview

As fossil energy resources deplete, wind energy gains ever more importance. Recently, piezoelectric energy harvesting methods are emerging with the advancements in piezoelectric materials and its storage elements. Piezoelectric materials can be utilized to convert kinetic energy to electrical energy. Utilization of piezoelectric wind harvesting is a rather new means to convert renewable wind energy to electricity. Piezoelectric generators are typically low cost and easy to maintain. This work illustrates an overview of piezoelectric wind harvesting technology. In wind harvesting, piezoelectric material choice is of the first order of importance. Due to their strain rate, robustness is a concern. For optimum energy harvesting efficiency resonant frequency of the selected materials and overall system configuration plays important role. In this work, existing piezoelectric wind generators are grouped and presented in following categories: leaf type, rotary type, rotary to linear type and beam type wind generators

Wind control on the accumulation of heavy metals in sediment of Lake Ulubat, Anatolia, Turkey

Freshwater Lake Ulubat (zmean = 1.5-2.0 m and Area = ~138 km2), NW Anatolia, Turkey was filled in by fine-to-medium-grain silts during the late Holocene. Deposition in Lake Ulubat has been 1.6 cm yr-1 for the last 50 years, but the sedimentation rate over the last ~1,600 years was lower (0.37 mm yr-1). The organic matter and carbonate contents of the infill show cyclic changes that reflect environmental fluctuations. The silt-dominated lithology and the vertically uniform heavy metal distributions are probably due to wind-controlled sedimentation in the lake. Heterogeneous mud, derived from a large, mountainous drainage basin, is deposited in the lake mostly during summer, June to October, when conditions are hot and calm. Winter months are stormier and sediments are re-suspended due to the shallow water depth and the effect of waves on the lake bottom. It is likely that re-suspended sediments, particularly fine-grained particles, together with the heavy metals, are transported out of the lake via the outlet, especially during periods of high lake level. This resuspension and removal process probably caused the lake sediments to become silt-dominated and depleted in heavy metals. The role of broad shallow lakes in sequestering sediments and heavy metals can be described more accurately when wind data are considered. Such information may also be helpful for land-use planning in downstream areas

Renova: how to grow business out of the tissue category in Portugal communications plan

Elif UZ, Uludağ Üniversitesi, Türkiye Ercan ÖZGAN, Düzce Üniversitesi, Türkiye Erol BURDURLU, Gazi Üniversitesi, Türkiye Ethem TOKLU, Düzce Üniversitesi, Türkiye Fahri VATANSEVER, Uludağ Üniversitesi, Türkiye Fatih TAŞPINAR, Düzce Üniversitesi, Türkiye H.Hüseyin CİRİTCİOĞLU, Düzce Üniversitesi, Türkiye Hakan AKTAŞ, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Türkiye Hakan ALTINÇEKİÇ, İstanbul Üniversitesi, Türkiye Hakan HOCAOĞLU, Gebze Yüksek Teknoloji Enstitüsü, Türkiye Hüseyin EKİZ, Süleyman Şah Üniversitesi, Türkiye İbrahim YÜCEDAĞ, Düzce Üniversitesi, Türkiye İlyas UYGUR, Düzce Üniversitesi, Türkiye İsmail TORÖZ, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Türkiye İsmet YILDIZ, Düzce Üniversitesi, Türkiye Mehmet BUDAKÇI, Düzce Üniversitesi, Türkiye Memiş IŞIK, Karabük Üniversitesi, Türkiye Meral KEKEÇOĞLU, Düzce Üniversitesi, Türkiye Muharrem GÖKÇEN, Düzce Üniversitesi, Türkiye Murat KALE, Düzce Üniversitesi, Türkiye Murat SİPAHİOĞLU, Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi, Türkiye Mustafa ERKOVAN, Sakarya Üniversitesi, Türkiye Mustafa OKUTAN, Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi, Türkiye Raşit TURAN, Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Türkiye Salih TOSUN, Düzce Üniversitesi, Türkiye Selçuk ÖZMEN, Düzce Üniversitesi, Türkiye Seyhan FIRAT, Gazi Üniversitesi, Türkiye Suat SARIDEMİR, Düzce Üniversitesi, Türkiye Şerife Gülsün KIRANKAYA, Düzce Üniversitesi, Türkiye Uğur GÜVENÇ, Düzce Üniversitesi, Türkiye Yasin KİŞİOĞLU, Kocaeli Üniversitesi, Türkiye Yusuf AVCI, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Türkiye Zeki DEMİR, Düzce Üniversitesi, Türkiy

Development of organic animal production in Turkey

Turkey is located at a point where the three continents are making up the old world. Europe, Asia and Africa are close to each other thus, making it is a pre-eminent centre of commerce for centuries. Turkey’s surface area is 814,578 sq km of which 790,200 sq km are in Asia (Anatolia) and 24.378 sq km are in Europe. Turkey is divided into seven regions (Ege, Marmara, Blacksea, Mediterranean, Central Anatolia, East Anatolia and South East Anatolia Regions). The prevailing climate in Turkey is hot dry summers with mild, wet winters; harsher in interior. Terrain is composed of mostly mountains, narrow coastal plains and high central plateau. Because of its geographical conditions, the mainland of Anatolia has been found as favourable location for settlement throughout history. Turkey has a suitable position for organic agriculture because of its different ecosystems and rich biodiversity. In addition to this, about 40 % population are engaged in agriculture. Total cultivated agricultural area is estimated to be 22,156,234 hectares. Currently, only 103,190 hectares of total agricultural area is in use for organic farming (~0.5% of agricultural land). The aim of this paper is to show the development of organic farming and to determine the possibilities for the future development of organic animal production in Turkey

Structural asessment and strengthening of Atatürk's mausoleum, Anitkabir

Anıtkabir is the mausoleum of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the commander of Turkish War of Independence and the founder of Republic of Turkey. Rather than a work of architecture, Anıtkabir has been a symbol and a focal center of Atatürk’s principles, republican revolutions and modern Turkey

Continuous time controller based on SMC and disturbance observer for piezoelectric actuators

Abstract – In this work, analog application for the Sliding Mode Control (SMC) to piezoelectric actuators (PEA) is presented. DSP application of the algorithm suffers from ADC and DAC conversions and mainly faces limitations in sampling time interval. Moreover piezoelectric actuators are known to have very large bandwidth close to the DSP operation frequency. Therefore, with the direct analog application, improvement of the performance and high frequency operation are expected. Design of an appropriate SMC together with a disturbance observer is suggested to have continuous control output and related experimental results for position tracking are presented with comparison of DSP and analog control application