A Formal Architectural Description Language based on Symbolic Transition Systems and Modal Logic

International audienceComponent Based Software Engineering has now emerged as a discipline for system development. After years of battle between component platforms, the need for means to abstract away from specific implementation details is now recognized. This paves the way for model driven approaches (such as MDE) but also for the more older Architectural Description Language (ADL) paradigm. In this paper we present KADL, an ADL based on the Korrigan formal language which supports the following features: integration of fully formal behaviours and data types, expressive component composition mechanisms through the use of modal logic, specification readability through graphical notations, and dedicated architectural analysis techniques. Key Words: Architectural Description Language, Component Based Software Engineering, Mixed Formal Specifications, Symbolic Transition Systems, Abstract Data Types, Modal Logic Glue, Graphical Notations, Verification

Gradual session types

Session types are a rich type discipline, based on linear types, that lifts the sort of safety claims that come with type systems to communications. However, web-based applications and microservices are often written in a mix of languages, with type disciplines in a spectrum between static and dynamic typing. Gradual session types address this mixed setting by providing a framework which grants seamless transition between statically typed handling of sessions and any required degree of dynamic typing. We propose Gradual GV as a gradually typed extension of the functional session type system GV. Following a standard framework of gradual typing, Gradual GV consists of an external language, which relaxes the type system of GV using dynamic types, and an internal language with casts, for which operational semantics is given, and a cast-insertion translation from the former to the latter. We demonstrate type and communication safety as well as blame safety, thus extending previous results to functional languages with session-based communication. The interplay of linearity and dynamic types requires a novel approach to specifying the dynamics of the language.Comment: Preprint of an article to appear in Journal of Functional Programmin

APPRAISAL SYSTEM ANALYSIS IN ALADDIN’S DIALOGUES AS THE MAIN CHARACTER IN ALADDIN 2019 MOVIE

Attitude have to do with evaluating things, people’s characters, and their feelings. Attitude can be identified not only from the dialogues used by people in their daily life interaction, but also from the characters’ dialogues in a movie. This research takes attitude and its language functions in Aladdin as the main character in Aladdin 2019 movie. This research focuses on; 1) What attitudes are revealed from Aladdin, the main character in Aladdin 2019 movie? 2) What language functions of Aladdin’s attitude in Aladdin 2019 movie? This research use qualitative method. There are two types of data, they are audio visual and document; Aladdin 2019 movie and its movie script. Technique of collecting data in this research use the audio visual documentation study technique and the researcher conducted mixed stages from some of the theories of analyzing data. To analyze data, researcher uses Appraisal System theory by J.R Martin, David Rose, and P.R.R White. The result of this research shows; 1) Aladdin as the main character in Aladdin 2019 movie revealed three types of attitudes; affect, judgment, and appreciation with 2) Aladdin’s attitude revealed five language functions from seven language functions by M.A.K Halliday; representational function, interactional function, personal function, heuristic function and regulatory function. Though, all types of attitude revealed in the movie, yet the most salient attitude Aladdin shown is positive appreciation, and the language used in his expressions has representational function.Keywords: Appraisal System, Attitude, Affect, Judgment, Appreciation, Aladdin

Evaluating machine translation in a low-resource language combination : Spanish-Galician

This paper reports the results of a study designed to assess the perception of adequacy of three different types of machine translation systems within the context of a minoritized language combination (Spanish-Galician). To perform this evaluation, a mixed design with three different metrics (BLEU, survey and error analysis) is used to extract quantitative and qualitative data about two marketing letters from the energy industry translated with a rulebased system (RBMT), a phrase-based system (PBMT) and a neural system (NMT). Results show that in the case of low-resource languages rule-based and phrase-based machine translations systems still play an important role

The Interaction of morphological and stereotypical gender information in Russian

Previous research, for example in English, French, German, and Spanish, has investigated the interplay between grammatical gender information and stereotype gender information (e.g., that secretaries are usually female, in many cultures), in the interpretation of both singular noun phrases (the secretary) and plural nouns phrases, particularly so-called generic masculines—nouns that have masculine grammatical gender but that should be able to refer to both groups of men and mixed groups of men and women. Since the studies have been conducted in cultures with broadly similar stereotypes, the effects generally reflect differences in the grammatical systems of the languages. Russian has a more complex grammatical gender system than the languages previously studied, and, unlike those languages frequently presents examples in which grammatical gender is marked on the predicate (in an inflection on the verb). In this study we collected stereotype norms for 160 role names in Russian, providing a useful resource for further work in this language. We also conducted a reading time study examining the interaction of grammatical and stereotype gender information in the interpretation of both Russian singular noun phrases, and plurals that were (potentially) generic masculines. Our results show that, although both types of gender information are used, when available, the effects of grammatical marking on the predicate are not as strong as those of such marking on subject noun phrases

Aladdin's attitude in Aladdin 2019 movie

Attitude have to do with evaluating things, people’s characters, and their feelings. Attitude can be identified not only from the dialogues used by people in their daily life interaction, but also from the characters’ dialogues in a movie. This research takes attitude and its language functions in Aladdin as the main character in Aladdin 2019 movie. This research focuses on what attitudes are revealed from Aladdin, the main character in Aladdin 2019 movie and what language functions of Aladdin’s attitude in Aladdin 2019 movie. This research use qualitative method. There are two sources of data, they are audio visual and document; Aladdin 2019 movie and its movie script. Technique of collecting data in this research use the audio visual documentation study technique and the researcher conducted mixed stages from some of the theories of analyzing data. To analyze data, researcher uses Appraisal System theory by J.R Martin, David Rose, and P.R.R White (2005 & 2007). The result of this research shows Aladdin as the main character in Aladdin 2019 movie revealed three types of attitudes; affect, judgment, and appreciation with positive appreciation as dominant. Aladdin’s attitude revealed five language functions from seven language functions by M.A.K Halliday (1973); representational function, interactional function, personal function, heuristic function and regulatory function. Though, all types of attitude revealed in the movie, yet the most salient attitude of Aladdin showed is positive appreciation, and the language used in his expressions has representational function

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF USER SATISFACTION WITH MULTIPLE DIALOG MODES

This paper investigated a normative theory that says computer users have different dialog needs depending on their level of experience in using a computer. It hypothesizes that the answer to satisfy the needs of a mixed population is to have multiple dialog modes that the user is free to choose from and switch between as required. The hypotheses that experts and novices would be more satisfied with multiple dialog modes than with just one mode were tested empirically in a controlled laboratory setting. Both novice and expert computer users used one of three types of user-system interfaces (menu, command language, or both modes) to solve the same database problem. Results showed that those with both types of dialog modes were more satisfied and performed better than the command language group. However, they were statistically equal to the menu group, while the menu group\u27s satisfaction rating and performance scores were slightly better. It was concluded that the subject\u27s choice of dialog mode, when both modes were available, and their satisfaction with a dialog mode have more to do with past experience and preference than with the difference in expert and novice problem solving strategies

Code-switching helps to maintain traditional language use

Code-switching was a major factor in the emergence of the mixed language, Light Warlpiri, and therefore in a partial shift away from speaking Warlpiri, the traditional language, as the speakers' primary language. Now, Light Warlpiri speakers make use of both Light Warlpiri and Warlpiri verbal resources to organize discourse, with a by-product of promoting maintenance of Warlpiri. This paper responds to Simpson's (2015) call for "much more work … to discern the variation of ways of talking which occurs during times of rapid [language] change", by documenting code-switching by multilingual speakers in a community undergoing rapid change. In the 1970-80s adult speakers of Warlpiri in one community code-switched to very young children in a specific pattern that was then conventionalized by the children as a single code (Author 2013). Defining features of Light Warlpiri are re-analyzed verbal structure, derived from English and Kriol, with some innovations, combined with the Warlpiri nominal case-marking system. Light Warlpiri and Warlpiri are differentiated by verbal lexicon and verbal structure. Light Warlpiri speakers code-switch fluidly between between Light Warlpiri and Warlpiri, and they consider the interaction of multiple codes part of their local speech style. In this paper I will present code-switching data, and analyze the motivations for the code-switches using Gumperz' (1982) and Poplack's (1980) discourse organizing factors. I argue that code-switching between Light Warlpiri and Warlpiri for discourse purposes keeps some elements of Warlpiri verbal lexicon and structure accessible to Light Warlpiri speakers, even when not speaking Warlpiri for sustained periods of time. The data are of two types. One set is recordings of elicitation sessions where Light Warlpiri speakers spontaneously created scenarios, or recounted events, to illustrate their use of particular verbs. In the scenarios and recounts, when providing examples of actual or imagined speech, the speakers code-switch between Light Warlpiri and Warlpiri verbal lexicon and structures. The other set, more naturalistic, is recorded interactions of Light Warlpiri speakers telling a story from picture stimulus. The same kinds of discourse patterns are seen in the more, and less, naturalistic types of data, suggesting high data validity. References: Author. (2013). The role of multiple sources in the formation of an innovative auxiliary category in Light Warlpiri, a new Australian mixed language. Language, 89 (2), 328-354. Gumperz, John J. (1982). Discourse strategies. Cambridge & New York: Cambridge University Press. Poplack, Shana. (1980). Sometimes I'll start a sentence in Spanish y termino en Espanol: toward a typology of code-switching. Linguistics, 18, 581-618. Simpson, Jane. (2015). Language attrition and language change. In Claire Bowern & Bethwyn Evans (Eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Historical Linguistics (pp. 537-554). London: Routledge

Mixed language high-performance computing for plasma simulations

Java is receiving increasing attention as the most popular platform for distributed computing. However, programmers are still reluctant to embrace Java as a tool for writing scientific and engineering applications due to its still noticeable performance drawbacks compared with other programming languages such as Fortran or C. In this paper, we present a hybrid Java/Fortran implementation of a parallel particle-in-cell (PIC) algorithm for plasma simulations. In our approach, the time-consuming components of this application are designed and implemented as Fortran subroutines, while less calculation-intensive components usually involved in building the user interface are written in Java. The two types of software modules have been glued together using the Java native interface (JNI). Our mixed-language PIC code was tested and its performance compared with pure Java and Fortran versions of the same algorithm on a Sun E6500 SMP system and a Linux cluster of Pentium III machines