Perspectives on next steps in classification of oro-facial pain - part 2: role of psychosocial factors

This study was initiated by a symposium, in which the present authors contributed, organised by the International RDC/TMD Consortium Network in March 2013. The purpose of the study was to review the status of biobehavioural research - both quantitative and qualitative - related to oro-facial pain (OFP) with respect to the aetiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of OFP conditions, and how this information can optimally be used for developing a structured OFP classification system for research. In particular, we address representation of psychosocial entities in classification systems, use of qualitative research to identify and understand the full scope of psychosocial entities and their interaction, and the usage of classification system for guiding treatment. We then provide recommendations for addressing these problems, including how ontological principles can inform this process

Explaining successful information management in small business

EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Knowledge-Based Task Structure Planning for an Information Gathering Agent

An effective solution to model and apply planning domain knowledge for deliberation and action in probabilistic, agent-oriented control is presented. Specifically, the addition of a task structure planning component and supporting components to an agent-oriented architecture and agent implementation is described. For agent control in risky or uncertain environments, an approach and method of goal reduction to task plan sets and schedules of action is presented. Additionally, some issues related to component-wise, situation-dependent control of a task planning agent that schedules its tasks separately from planning them are motivated and discussed

Covert positivism in forensic domains

Variable conceptions of positivism exist, although at the heart of the notion is the assumption of the scientific ideal of ‘objectivity’ as it pertains to the individual and society. Despite much debate and criticism of positivism in criminology, contemporary modes of positivism continue to inform criminological research. However, this more recent positivism is not necessarily the crude, overt positivism associated with the eighteenth- and nineteenthcentury modes, but a more sophisticated and insidious brand - ‘covert positivism’. Most recently, in the domains of forensic genetics, objective research and empirical methods are being used subtly to make claims about the nature of criminal individuals and populations. These forensic domains utilise modern-day biological and psychological scientific procedures to assess, predict and make conclusions relating to ‘criminals, deviants, and pathologicals’ at genetic and neuronal levels. Critiques of these approaches are presented, as these scientific interventions are paralleled with historical modes of positivism

Covert Positivism in Forensic Domains

Variable conceptions of positivism exist, although at the heart of the notion is the assumption of the scientific ideal of ‘objectivity’ as it pertains to the individual and society. Despite much debate and criticism of positivism in criminology, contemporary modes of positivism continue to inform criminological research. However, this more recent positivism is not necessarily the crude, overt positivism associated with the eighteenth- and nineteenth-century modes, but a more sophisticated and insidious brand - ‘covert positivism’. Most recently, in the domains of forensic genetics, objective research and empirical methods are being used subtly to make claims about the nature of criminal individuals and populations. These forensic domains utilise modern-day biological and psychological scientific procedures to assess, predict and make conclusions relating to ‘criminals, deviants, and pathologicals’ at genetic and neuronal levels. Critiques of these approaches are presented, as these scientific interventions are paralleled with historical modes of positivism. m

Johanssonian Investigations

In the last decades, Ingvar Johansson has made a formidable contribution to the development of philosophy and particularly that of metaphysics. This volume consists of original papers written by 50 philosophers from all over the world to celebrate his 70th birthday. The papers cover traditional issues in metaphysics and the philosophy of mind, applied ethics, applied metaphysics, the nature of human rights, the philosophy of economics and sports

Religious Prosocial Crowdlending - Dual-market Success Mechanisms

Paper I is excluded from the dissertation due to copyright. Paper II and III are excluded from the dissertation until it is publishedCrowdfunding is a relatively new and rapidly growing global phenomenon that has appealed to academic curiosity. At its crux, it is rooted in the communal philosophy of greater good. The online technological intervention can be traced back to 2006, while the phenomenon took center-stage in the midst of the 2008 Global Financial Crisis. Over a decade and a half, the crowdfunding industry has grown into several distinct forms and business models. This dissertation started with a systematic literature review that broadly considered four mainstream business models of crowdfunding, and how it is possible to bridge the knowledge gaps left behind. This led to two empirical papers, motivated by the World Bank’s recommendation of a hybrid type of crowdfunding called prosocial crowdlending, to alleviate poverty from the developing economies, where poverty alleviation is the first of the United Nations’ 17 Sustainable Development Goals. While considering the developing economies that are innately non-secular, Islam was one of the religions that did not contribute to economic success as per the extant literature. On the contrary, such Islamic developing economies have thriving religious markets. This presented a dichotomy between theory and practice and a research gap that needed to be addressed. Insights from Max Weber that religions such as Christianity have clearly contributed to economic development of the West were recalled. These insights were applied in the empirical papers focusing on Islam, extending Weber’s seminal work from west to east. The findings of the empirical papers suggest that Islam does contribute to economic growth, albeit in a welfarist sense rather than in a capitalist sense. The overall contribution that this dissertation makes to the religious prosocial crowdlending is in identifying its dual-market success mechanisms through the developed theories and integrated typologies. These explain how religious capital is being converted to economic capital facilitated by trust in otherwise low-trust developing economies, on the supply side, and religious rationality that encourages sustainable micro-entrepreneurship despite the longstanding duality between religion and reason, on the demand side. In doing so, this dissertation also explains how Islam contributes to the economic welfare of such economies, and how to channelize religious capital towards economic development by utilizing technologically enabled religious prosocial crowdlending as a strategic philanthropic tool, to successfully impact poverty by enabling micro-entrepreneurship.publishedVersio