Powertrain Systems for Net-Zero Transport

The transport sector continues to shift towards alternative powertrains, particularly with the UK Government’s announcement to end the sale of petrol and diesel passenger cars by 2030 and increasing support for alternatives. Despite this announcement, the internal combustion continues to play a significant role both in the passenger car market through the use of hybrids and sustainable low carbon fuels, as well as a key role in other sectors such as heavy-duty vehicles and off-highway applications across the globe. Building on the industry-leading IC Engines conference, the 2021 Powertrain Systems for Net-Zero Transport conference (7-8 December 2021, London, UK) focussed on the internal combustion engine’s role in Net-Zero transport as well as covered developments in the wide range of propulsion systems available (electric, fuel cell, sustainable fuels etc) and their associated powertrains. To achieve the net-zero transport across the globe, the life-cycle analysis of future powertrain and energy was also discussed. Powertrain Systems for Net-Zero Transport provided a forum for engine, fuels, e-machine, fuel cell and powertrain experts to look closely at developments in powertrain technology required, to meet the demands of the net-zero future and global competition in all sectors of the road transportation, off-highway and stationary power industries

Development of an integrated experimental and numerical methodology for the performance analysis of multiple hybrid electric architectures over different driving cycles

L'abstract è presente nell'allegato / the abstract is in the attachmen

Support and power plant documentation for the gas turbine powered bus demonstration program

The operational experience obtained for the GT404-4 gas turbine engines in the intercity and intracity Bus Demonstration Programs is described for the period January 1980 through September 1981. Support for the engines and automatic transmissions involved in this program provided engineering and field service, spare parts and tools, training, and factory overhauls. the Greyhound (intercity) coaches accumulated 183,054 mi (294,595 km) and 5154 hr of total operation. The Baltimore Transit (intracity) coaches accumulated 40,567 mi (65,285 km) and 1840 hr of total operation. In service, the turbine powered Greyhound and Transit coaches achieved approximately 25% and 40% lower fuel mileage, respectively, than did the production diesel powered coaches. The gas turbine engine will require the advanced ceramic development currently being sponsored by the DOE and NASA to achieve fuel economy equivalent not only to that of today's diesel engines but also to the projected fuel economy of the advanced diesel engines of the 1990s. Sufficient experience was not achieved with the coaches prior to the start of service to identify and eliminate many of the problems associated with the startup of new equipment. Because of these problems, the mean miles between incident were unacceptably low. The future gas turbine system should be developed sufficiently to establish satisfactory durability prior to evaluation in revenue service. Commercialization of the gas turbine bus engine remains a viable goal for the future

Powertrain Systems for Net-Zero Transport

The transport sector continues to shift towards alternative powertrains, particularly with the UK Government’s announcement to end the sale of petrol and diesel passenger cars by 2030 and increasing support for alternatives. Despite this announcement, the internal combustion continues to play a significant role both in the passenger car market through the use of hybrids and sustainable low carbon fuels, as well as a key role in other sectors such as heavy-duty vehicles and off-highway applications across the globe. Building on the industry-leading IC Engines conference, the 2021 Powertrain Systems for Net-Zero Transport conference (7-8 December 2021, London, UK) focussed on the internal combustion engine’s role in Net-Zero transport as well as covered developments in the wide range of propulsion systems available (electric, fuel cell, sustainable fuels etc) and their associated powertrains. To achieve the net-zero transport across the globe, the life-cycle analysis of future powertrain and energy was also discussed. Powertrain Systems for Net-Zero Transport provided a forum for engine, fuels, e-machine, fuel cell and powertrain experts to look closely at developments in powertrain technology required, to meet the demands of the net-zero future and global competition in all sectors of the road transportation, off-highway and stationary power industries

Energy Optimization for Platooning through Utilizing the Road Topography

The road haulage industry is a fundamental part of today’s society. The companies of haulage stand before a challenge, as the environmental and economic sustainability demands are increasing. The automotive industry tries to meet these demands by developing intelligent systems that will decrease the fuel consumption. The two systems, predictive controller and platooning, are two intelligent solutions that help to decrease the fuel consumption. A predictive controller uses the knowledge of the future road topography to calculate an optimal velocity profile that utilizes the energy stored in the altitude differences. Platooning describes the concept of driving several vehicles in a close formation. The vehicles are controlled autonomously in the longitudinal direction, which enables a short intermediate distance between the vehicles and a reduction of the decelerating aerodynamic drag force. In this thesis, a predictive platoon controller has been developed that takes both the topography and the possible reduction of the aerodynamic drag force into account. Two main different platoon control strategies are evaluated. The result shows that the aerodynamic drag has a large influence of the fuel consumption and that a short intermediate distance between the vehicles will often reduce the consumption. However, the road topography has an influence on the driving profile and in some scenarios it would be beneficial to increase the intermediate distance to avoid using the vehicle’s brake. The result shows that predictive platoon control enables a fuelefficient velocity profile, though, more scenarios should be analysed to draw further conclusions about the strategy

Automotive technology status and projections. Volume 2: Assessment report

Current and advanced conventional engines, advanced alternative engines, advanced power train components, and other energy conserving automobile modifications which could be implemented by the end of this century are examined. Topics covered include gas turbine engines, Stirling engines, advanced automatic transmissions, alternative fuels, and metal and ceramic technology. Critical problems are examined and areas for future research are indicated

Study of Transit Bus Duty Cycle and its Influence on Fuel Economy and Emissions of Diesel-Electric Hybrids

The Center for Alternative Fuels, Engines, and Emissions (CAFEE) of West Virginia University (WVU) is developing the Integrated Bus Information System (IBIS), an information resource on transit bus emissions for vehicle procurement purposes. IBIS provides the transit bus industry with exhaust emissions information, including an emissions database, and predictive models for fuel economy (F.E.) and emissions. Inputs for the models are in the form of drive cycle metrics, but the knowledge of such metrics is not readily available for transit agencies.;The first part of this dissertation was an effort to close the gap between engineering drive cycle metrics and the information available to transit bus operators. In cooperation with WMATA Transit, an extensive evaluation to characterize transit bus operation was performed. This evaluation was based on GPS and ECU logs of diverse bus routes. Instantaneous speed and road grade were determined for all the routes. Transit operation was classified in four main service groups: Inner-City, Urban, Suburban, and Commuter. Characterizing transit bus operation played an important role because it defined the parameters, and their ranges, to be used in F.E. and emissions models.;The second part of the dissertation studied the effects that drive cycles have over emissions and F.E. of diesel-electric hybrid buses, focusing specifically in MY 2007--2009 diesel-electric serieshybrid 40\u27 transit buses. Using ANL\u27s PSAT, the hybrid bus was dynamically modeled and validated against chassis dynamometer test data. As part of the vehicle dynamic model, a model was developed for fuel consumption and NOx emissions of the Cummins ISB 260H diesel engine. The vehicle model was simulated over a variety of duty cycles assuming zero grade, producing a database of instantaneous fuel and NOx rates, with all tests satisfying SAE J2711\u27s restriction for state of charge.;A regression based method was devised for predicting cycle F.E., CO 2, and NOx, in which the inputs were average speed, percentage idle, and characteristic acceleration. Fuel consumption and NOx were broken into the idle and driving contributions. The driving portion was predicted with average speed without idle and characteristic acceleration without grade, and then aggregated with the idle contribution. The proposed approach produced excellent predictions with coefficients of determination of 0.96 for F.E., 0.99 for CO2, and 0.99 for NOx.;A tool was developed to allow transit agencies to place hybrid buses in routes that take the most advantage of the hybrid-electric capabilities and to evaluate emissions impacts in strategic planning and vehicle procurement. The selection of the best routes is based on fuel savings. Depending on the route, hybrid transit buses have the potential for saving between 0.5 and 1.2 gallons of fuel per hour per vehicle and 5 to 12 kg of CO2 per hour