5,315 research outputs found
Two new approximation algorithms for the maximum planar subgraph problem
The maximum planar subgraph problem (MPS) is defined as follows: given a graph G, find a largest planar subgraph of G. The problem is NP-hard and it has applications in graph drawing and resource location optimization. Călinescu et al. [J. Alg. 27, 269-302 (1998)] presented the first approximation algorithms for MPS with nontrivial performance ratios. Two algorithms were given, a simple algorithm which runs in linear time for bounded-degree graphs with a ratio 7/18 and a more complicated algorithm with a ratio 4/9. Both algorithms produce outerplanar subgraphs. In this article we present two new versions of the simpler algorithm. The first new algorithm still runs in the same time, produces outerplanar subgraphs, has at least the same performance ratio as the original algorithm, but in practice it finds larger planar subgraphs than the original algorithm. The second new algorithm has similar properties to the first algorithm, but it produces only planar subgraphs. We conjecture that the performance ratios of our algorithms are at least 4/9 for MPS. We experimentally compare the new algorithms against the original simple algorithm. We also apply the new algorithms for approximating the thickness and outerthickness of a graph. Experiments show that the new algorithms produce clearly better approximations than the original simple algorithm by Călinescu et al
Plane and simple : using planar subgraphs for efficient algorithms
In this thesis, we showcase how planar subgraphs with special structural properties can be used to fi nd efficient algorithms for two NP-hard problems in combinatorial optimization. In the fi rst part, we develop algorithms for the computation of Tutte paths and show how these special subgraphs can be used to efficiently compute long cycles and other relaxations of Hamiltonicity if we restrict the input to planar graphs. We give an O(n^2) time algorithm for the computation of Tutte paths in circuit graphs and generalize it to the computation of Tutte paths between any two given vertices and a prescribed intermediate edge in 2-connected planar graphs. In the second part, we study the Maximum Planar Subgraph Problem (MPS) and show how dense planar subgraphs can be used to develop new approximation algorithms for this problem. All new algorithms and arguments we present are based on a novel approach that focuses on maximizing the number of triangular faces in the computed subgraph. For this, we define a new optimization problem called Maximum Planar Triangles (MPT). We show that this problem is NP-hard and quantify how good an approximation algorithm for MPT performs as an approximation for MPS. We give a greedy 1/11-approximation algorithm for Mpt and show that the approximation ratio can be improved to 1/6 by using locally optimal triangular cactus subgraphs.In dieser Dissertation zeigen wir, wie planare Teilgraphen mit speziellen Eigenschaften verwendet werden können, um effiziente Algorithmen für zwei NP-schwere Probleme in der kombinatorischen Optimierung zu fi nden. Im ersten Teil entwickeln wir Algorithmen zur Berechnung von Tutte-Wegen und zeigen, wie diese verwendet werden können, um lange Kreise und andere Lockerungen der Hamilton-Charakteristik zu finden, wenn wir uns auf Graphen in der Ebene beschränken. Wir beschreiben zunächst einen O(n^2)-Algorithmus in Circuit-Graphen und verallgemeinern diesen anschließend für die Berechnung von Tutte-Wegen in 2-zusammenhängenden planaren Graphen. Im zweiten Teil untersuchen wir das Maximum Planar Subgraph Problem (MPS) und zeigen, wie besonders dichte planare Teilgraphen verwendet werden können, um neue Approximationsalgorithmen zu entwickeln. Unsere Ergebnisse basieren auf einem neuartigen Ansatz, bei dem die Anzahl der dreieckigen Gebiete im berechneten Teilgraphen maximiert wird. Dazu de finieren wir ein neues Optimierungsproblem namens Maximum Planar Triangles (MPT). Wir zeigen, dass dieses Problem NP-schwer ist und quantifi zieren, wie gut ein Approximationsalgorithmus für MPT als Approximation für MPS funktioniert. Wir geben einen 1/11-Approximationsalgorithmus für MPT und zeigen, wie dies durch die Verwendung von lokal optimaler Kaktus-Teilgraphen auf 1/6 verbessert werden kann
A Note on the Practicality of Maximal Planar Subgraph Algorithms
Given a graph , the NP-hard Maximum Planar Subgraph problem (MPS) asks for
a planar subgraph of with the maximum number of edges. There are several
heuristic, approximative, and exact algorithms to tackle the problem, but---to
the best of our knowledge---they have never been compared competitively in
practice. We report on an exploratory study on the relative merits of the
diverse approaches, focusing on practical runtime, solution quality, and
implementation complexity. Surprisingly, a seemingly only theoretically strong
approximation forms the building block of the strongest choice.Comment: Appears in the Proceedings of the 24th International Symposium on
Graph Drawing and Network Visualization (GD 2016
Diameter and Treewidth in Minor-Closed Graph Families
It is known that any planar graph with diameter D has treewidth O(D), and
this fact has been used as the basis for several planar graph algorithms. We
investigate the extent to which similar relations hold in other graph families.
We show that treewidth is bounded by a function of the diameter in a
minor-closed family, if and only if some apex graph does not belong to the
family. In particular, the O(D) bound above can be extended to bounded-genus
graphs. As a consequence, we extend several approximation algorithms and exact
subgraph isomorphism algorithms from planar graphs to other graph families.Comment: 15 pages, 12 figure
Hitting forbidden minors: Approximation and Kernelization
We study a general class of problems called F-deletion problems. In an
F-deletion problem, we are asked whether a subset of at most vertices can
be deleted from a graph such that the resulting graph does not contain as a
minor any graph from the family F of forbidden minors.
We obtain a number of algorithmic results on the F-deletion problem when F
contains a planar graph. We give (1) a linear vertex kernel on graphs excluding
-claw , the star with leves, as an induced subgraph, where
is a fixed integer. (2) an approximation algorithm achieving an approximation
ratio of , where is the size of an optimal solution on
general undirected graphs. Finally, we obtain polynomial kernels for the case
when F contains graph as a minor for a fixed integer . The graph
consists of two vertices connected by parallel edges. Even
though this may appear to be a very restricted class of problems it already
encompasses well-studied problems such as {\sc Vertex Cover}, {\sc Feedback
Vertex Set} and Diamond Hitting Set. The generic kernelization algorithm is
based on a non-trivial application of protrusion techniques, previously used
only for problems on topological graph classes
Bidimensionality and EPTAS
Bidimensionality theory is a powerful framework for the development of
metaalgorithmic techniques. It was introduced by Demaine et al. as a tool to
obtain sub-exponential time parameterized algorithms for problems on H-minor
free graphs. Demaine and Hajiaghayi extended the theory to obtain PTASs for
bidimensional problems, and subsequently improved these results to EPTASs.
Fomin et. al related the theory to the existence of linear kernels for
parameterized problems. In this paper we revisit bidimensionality theory from
the perspective of approximation algorithms and redesign the framework for
obtaining EPTASs to be more powerful, easier to apply and easier to understand.
Two of the most widely used approaches to obtain PTASs on planar graphs are
the Lipton-Tarjan separator based approach, and Baker's approach. Demaine and
Hajiaghayi strengthened both approaches using bidimensionality and obtained
EPTASs for a multitude of problems. We unify the two strenghtened approaches to
combine the best of both worlds. At the heart of our framework is a
decomposition lemma which states that for "most" bidimensional problems, there
is a polynomial time algorithm which given an H-minor-free graph G as input and
an e > 0 outputs a vertex set X of size e * OPT such that the treewidth of G n
X is f(e). Here, OPT is the objective function value of the problem in question
and f is a function depending only on e. This allows us to obtain EPTASs on
(apex)-minor-free graphs for all problems covered by the previous framework, as
well as for a wide range of packing problems, partial covering problems and
problems that are neither closed under taking minors, nor contractions. To the
best of our knowledge for many of these problems including cycle packing,
vertex-h-packing, maximum leaf spanning tree, and partial r-dominating set no
EPTASs on planar graphs were previously known
Planar Induced Subgraphs of Sparse Graphs
We show that every graph has an induced pseudoforest of at least
vertices, an induced partial 2-tree of at least vertices, and an
induced planar subgraph of at least vertices. These results are
constructive, implying linear-time algorithms to find the respective induced
subgraphs. We also show that the size of the largest -minor-free graph in
a given graph can sometimes be at most .Comment: Accepted by Graph Drawing 2014. To appear in Journal of Graph
Algorithms and Application
Approximation Algorithms for Polynomial-Expansion and Low-Density Graphs
We study the family of intersection graphs of low density objects in low
dimensional Euclidean space. This family is quite general, and includes planar
graphs. We prove that such graphs have small separators. Next, we present
efficient -approximation algorithms for these graphs, for
Independent Set, Set Cover, and Dominating Set problems, among others. We also
prove corresponding hardness of approximation for some of these optimization
problems, providing a characterization of their intractability in terms of
density
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