84 research outputs found

    Heterostructured WO3–TiVO4 thin-film photocatalyst for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting

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    This is the final version. Available from Elsevier via the DOI in this record. Data availability: Data associated with this study have not been deposited into a publicly available repository. Data will be made available on request to the corresponding author.Photoelectrochemical water splitting via solar irradiation has garnered significant interest due to its potential in large-scale renewable hydrogen production. Heterostructure materials have emerged as an effective strategy, demonstrating enhanced performance in photoelectrochemical water-splitting applications compared to individual photocatalysts. In this study, to augment the performance of sprayed TiVO4 thin films, a hydrothermally prepared WO3 underlayer was integrated beneath the spray pyrolised TiVO4 film. The consequent heterostructure demonstrated notable enhancements in optical, structural, microstructural attributes, and photocurrent properties. This improvement is attributed to the strategic deposition of WO3 underlayer, forming a heterostructure composite electrode. This led to a marked increase in photocurrent density for the WO3/TiVO4 photoanode, reaching a peak of 740 μA/cm2 at an applied potential of 1.23 V vs RHE, about nine-fold that of standalone TiVO4. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed a reduced semicircle for the heterostructure, indicating improved charge transfer compared to bare TiVO4. The heterostructure photoelectrode exhibited enhanced charge carrier conductivity at the interface and sustained stability over 3 h. The distinct attributes of heterostructure photoelectrode present significant opportunities for devising highly efficient sunlight-driven water splitting systems.Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)Saudi Arabia Culture Bureau in the United Kingdo

    Rule and Improvisation. An Ontology of Music

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    This dissertation argues (1) that musical improvisation is any performer’s real-time handling of that excess of musical properties not encoded by any set of instructions, nor foreseeable by the performer herself, that we find in any performance; (2) that, hence, every musical performance is improvisatory in a lesser or greater degree; (3) that every performance stems from a (not necessarily textual) set of instructions, as long as no musical occurrence takes place ex nihilo or in an alleged normative void; (4) that there can be no musical work detached or independent from a performance, by virtue of what I’ve called the minimum sensorial requirement; and (5) that a form of Carnapian deflationism is the best ontological strategy to address mind-dependent, cultural entities such as musical works. As a consequence of the above, (6) a musical work should be considered an unrepeatable, improvisatory and hybrid entity, a physical/normative object (understood in a deflationary, non-realist fashion), the aggregation of a set of instructions (a particular abstract artefact) and a performance (a concrete object)

    Clinical Nutrition: Recent Advances and Remaining Challenges

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    Nutrition, often along with physical activity, is by now acknowledged as a cornerstone in the prevention and even more so the treatment of many diseases. Indeed, food and nutritional intake nowadays are often thought to be the main source of wellbeing sometimes over- but also underestimating the impact of nutritional intake, dietary pattern and food-derived natural compounds in their impact on human health. In this Special Issue entitled `Clinical Nutrition: Recent Advances and Remaining Challenges´ a broad overview and summary on recent findings in various fields of clinical nutrition with special focus on chronic and degenerative diseases like metabolic diseases, cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, sarcopenia but also malnutrition in elderly, infants and children is provided. Nutrition, often along with physical activity, is by now acknowledged as a cornerstone in the prevention and even more so the treatment of many diseases. Indeed, food and nutritional intake nowadays are often thought to be the main source of wellbeing sometimes over- but also underestimating the impact of nutritional intake, dietary pattern and food-derived natural compounds in their impact on human health. In this Special Issue entitled `Clinical Nutrition: Recent Advances and Remaining Challenges´ a broad overview and summary on recent findings in various fields of clinical nutrition with special focus on chronic and degenerative diseases like metabolic diseases, cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, sarcopenia but also malnutrition in elderly, infants and children is provided

    Religious Identifications in Late Antique Papyri: 3rd—12th Century Egypt

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    Active Materials

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    What is an active material? This book aims to redefine perceptions of the materials that respond to their environment. Through the theory of the structure and functionality of materials found in nature a scientific approach to active materials is first identified. Further interviews with experts from the natural sciences and humanities then seeks to question and redefine this view of materials to create a new definition of active materials

    Tribes, Memory and Politics in Iraq

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    This research examines how the tribal system has maintained its political interests by engaging with three agents those being, the central political government, religion, namely Islam, and Ibn Khaldun’s concept of asabiyah as a sociocultural bond of cohesion amongst members of a group-forming community. Thus, the research question is as follows, does tribal heritage play a role in Iraq’s politics today? This will require answering, what tribal heritage is, and what the structure and role of the tribal system in Iraq consists of. The hypothesis of the research suggests that asabiyah as a social bond embedded in tribal heritage, plays a role in shaping political dynamics in Iraq. By researching the history of tribal formation and how it has played a part in religion and religious institutions as well as the Iraqi government, one can understand how and to what extent the tribal system maintains its relations and interests with formal institutions. This includes how it shapes goal-formation processes of political leaderships, framing spaces of political communications which are seen as legitimate, or validating specific spokespersons from constituencies. Therefore, the research will lead to an understanding of how the tribal system as an informal legitimacy and un-institutionalized political entity can be considered as a significant and key shaper of politics in Iraq. Moreover, this thesis explores how the tribal system can define and maintain its own informal spaces of legitimacy by intersecting with religion, the central government and asabiyah. In the future, this research project can help approach the context of Iraqi politics through the lens of the tribal system and therefore contribute to conflict transformation processes and dialogues by integrating a wider net of legitimate actors such as the tribes

    Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs

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    This book is available as open access through the Bloomsbury Open Access programme and is available on www.bloomsburycollections.com Walt Disney’s Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (David Hand, 1937) occupies a central place within the history of global animation. Based on the German fairy tale by the Brothers Grimm, the film was the first feature-length animated film produced by the Disney Studio and served to announce the animated cartoon as an industrial art form. Yet Disney’s landmark version not only set in motion the Golden Age of the Hollywood cartoon, but has continued to stand as an international sensation, prompting multiple revisions and remakes within a variety of national filmmaking contexts. This book explores the enduring qualities that have marked Snow White’s influence and legacy, providing a collection of original chapters that reflect upon its pioneering use of technology and contributions to animation’s visual style, the film’s reception within an American context, and its status as a global cultural phenomenon

    Polar co-option theory

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    How and why does systemic change occur in the international system? For realist, power transition theory provides an answer. While the theory is well established, its assumption that a single dominate power organizes the entire international system is not shared by all. Some scholars argue that the system has been managed by a number of polar powers. In order to explain how the system transitions from one polar structure to another, polar co-option theory is introduced. Rather than material capabilities, polar co-option theory argues that the polar powers are identified by their authority over lesser tier states. A unipolar power establishes a nearly global international order. The world is bipolar when it is divided between two poles. A system that is multipolar, has three or more poles with their requisite territorial orders. As a result of the variability of authority, a pole’s territorial order is not static. When a pole loses its authority, a polar competition will take place between at least two prospective co-opting poles. The pole that elicits the least amount of fear and is able to instill its authority over the moribund pole’s lesser tier states will be able to complete the co-option process. A transition in the number of poles occurs when a moribund pole no longer has authority over its territorial order and a co-opting pole extends its authority over its lesser tier states. For example, the post-Cold War unipolar system was the result of the United States’ ability to extend its authority over the lesser tier states that were a part of the Soviet Union’s territorial order

    Textbook on Scar Management

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    This text book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. Written by a group of international experts in the field and the result of over ten years of collaboration, it allows students and readers to gain to gain a detailed understanding of scar and wound treatment – a topic still dispersed among various disciplines. The content is divided into three parts for easy reference. The first part focuses on the fundamentals of scar management, including assessment and evaluation procedures, classification, tools for accurate measurement of all scar-related elements (volume density, color, vascularization), descriptions of the different evaluation scales. It also features chapters on the best practices in electronic-file storage for clinical reevaluation and telemedicine procedures for safe remote evaluation. The second section offers a comprehensive review of treatment and evidence-based technologies, presenting a consensus of the various available guidelines (silicone, surgery, chemical injections, mechanical tools for scar stabilization, lasers). The third part evaluates the full range of emerging technologies offered to physicians as alternative or complementary solutions for wound healing (mechanical, chemical, anti-proliferation). Textbook on Scar Management will appeal to trainees, fellows, residents and physicians dealing with scar management in plastic surgery, dermatology, surgery and oncology, as well as to nurses and general practitioners ; Comprehensive reference covering the complete field of wounds and scar management: semiology, classifications and scoring Highly educational contents for trainees as well as professionals in plastic surgery, dermatology, surgery, oncology as well as nurses and general practitioners Fast access to information through key points, take home messages, highlights, and a wealth of clinical cases Book didactic contents enhanced by supplementary material and video

    Neolithic land-use in the Dutch wetlands: estimating the land-use implications of resource exploitation strategies in the Middle Swifterbant Culture (4600-3900 BCE)

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    The Dutch wetlands witness the gradual adoption of Neolithic novelties by foraging societies during the Swifterbant period. Recent analyses provide new insights into the subsistence palette of Middle Swifterbant societies. Small-scale livestock herding and cultivation are in evidence at this time, but their importance if unclear. Within the framework of PAGES Land-use at 6000BP project, we aim to translate the information on resource exploitation into information on land-use that can be incorporated into global climate modelling efforts, with attention for the importance of agriculture. A reconstruction of patterns of resource exploitation and their land-use dimensions is complicated by methodological issues in comparing the results of varied recent investigations. Analyses of organic residues in ceramics have attested to the cooking of aquatic foods, ruminant meat, porcine meat, as well as rare cases of dairy. In terms of vegetative matter, some ceramics exclusively yielded evidence of wild plants, while others preserve cereal remains. Elevated δ15N values of human were interpreted as demonstrating an important aquatic component of the diet well into the 4th millennium BC. Yet recent assays on livestock remains suggest grazing on salt marshes partly accounts for the human values. Finally, renewed archaeozoological investigations have shown the early presence of domestic animals to be more limited than previously thought. We discuss the relative importance of exploited resources to produce a best-fit interpretation of changing patterns of land-use during the Middle Swifterbant phase. Our review combines recent archaeological data with wider data on anthropogenic influence on the landscape. Combining the results of plant macroremains, information from pollen cores about vegetation development, the structure of faunal assemblages, and finds of arable fields and dairy residue, we suggest the most parsimonious interpretation is one of a limited land-use footprint of cultivation and livestock keeping in Dutch wetlands between 4600 and 3900 BCE.NWOVidi 276-60-004Human Origin
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