The triviality of the 61-stem in the stable homotopy groups of spheres

We prove that the 2-primary $\pi_{61}$ is zero. As a consequence, the Kervaire invariant element $\theta_5$ is contained in the strictly defined 4-fold Toda bracket $\langle 2, \theta_4, \theta_4, 2\rangle$. Our result has a geometric corollary: the 61-sphere has a unique smooth structure and it is the last odd dimensional case - the only ones are $S^1, S^3, S^5$ and $S^{61}$. Our proof is a computation of homotopy groups of spheres. A major part of this paper is to prove an Adams differential $d_3(D_3) = B_3$. We prove this differential by introducing a new technique based on the algebraic and geometric Kahn-Priddy theorems. The success of this technique suggests a theoretical way to prove Adams differentials in the sphere spectrum inductively by use of differentials in truncated projective spectra.Comment: 67 pages, minor changes, accepted versio

Enhanced AA-infinity obstruction theory

We extend the Bousfield-Kan spectral sequence for the computation of the homotopy groups of the space of minimal A-infinity algebra structures on a graded projective module. We use the new part to define obstructions to the extension of truncated minimal A-infinity algebra structures. We also consider the Bousfield-Kan spectral sequence for the moduli space of A-infinity algebras. We compute up to the second page, terms and differentials, of these spectral sequences in terms of Hochschild cohomology.Comment: 42 pages, color figure

Motivic Brown-Peterson invariants of the rationals

Fix the base field Q of rational numbers and let BP denote the family of motivic truncated Brown-Peterson spectra over Q. We employ a "local-to-global" philosophy in order to compute the motivic Adams spectral sequence converging to the bi-graded homotopy groups of BP. Along the way, we provide a new computation of the homotopy groups of BP over the 2-adic rationals, prove a motivic Hasse principle for the spectra BP, and deduce several classical and recent theorems about the K-theory of particular fields.Comment: 32 pages, 6 figures; Introduction and exposition improved, typos corrected, now published in Geometry & Topolog

Automatic Search of Truncated Impossible Differentials for Word-Oriented Block Ciphers (Full Version)

Impossible differential cryptanalysis is a powerful technique to recover the secret key of block ciphers by exploiting the fact that in block ciphers specific input and output differences are not compatible. This paper introduces a novel tool to search truncated impossible differentials for word-oriented block ciphers with bijective Sboxes. Our tool generalizes the earlier $\mathcal{U}$-method and the UID-method. It allows to reduce the gap between the best impossible differentials found by these methods and the best known differentials found by ad hoc methods that rely on cryptanalytic insights. The time and space complexities of our tool in judging an $r$-round truncated impossible differential are about $O(c\cdot l^4\cdot r^4)$ and $O(c\u27\cdot l^2\cdot r^2)$ respectively, where $l$ is the number of words in the plaintext and $c$, $c\u27$ are constants depending on the machine and the block cipher. In order to demonstrate the strength of our tool, we show that it does not only allow to automatically rediscover the longest truncated impossible differentials of many word-oriented block ciphers, but also finds new results. It independently rediscovers all 72 known truncated impossible differentials on 9-round CLEFIA. In addition, finds new truncated impossible differentials for AES, ARIA, Camellia without FL and FL$^{-1}$ layers, E2, LBlock, MIBS and Piccolo. Although our tool does not improve the lengths of impossible differentials for existing block ciphers, it helps to close the gap between the best known results of previous tools and those of manual cryptanalysis

Double complexes and vanishing of Novikov cohomology

We consider a non-standard totalisation functor to produce a cochain complex from a given double complex: instead of sums or products, totalisation is defined via truncated products of modules. We give an elementary proof of the fact that a double complex with exact rows (resp, columns) yields an acyclic cochain complex under totalisation using right (resp, left) truncated products. As an application we consider the algebraic mapping torus T(h) of a self map h of a cochain complex C. We show that if C consists of finitely presented modules then T(h) has trivial negative Novikov cohomology; if in addition h is a quasi-isomorphism, then T(h) has trivial positive Novikov cohomology as well. As a consequence we obtain a new proof that a finitely dominated cochain complex over a Laurent polynomial ring has trivial Novikov cohomology.Comment: 6 pages; diagrams typeset with Paul taylors "diagrams" macro package; v2: 7 pages, expanded introduction, minor changes in exposition; v3: minor changes to abstract, typos correcte

Adaptive Higher-order Spectral Estimators

Many applications involve estimation of a signal matrix from a noisy data matrix. In such cases, it has been observed that estimators that shrink or truncate the singular values of the data matrix perform well when the signal matrix has approximately low rank. In this article, we generalize this approach to the estimation of a tensor of parameters from noisy tensor data. We develop new classes of estimators that shrink or threshold the mode-specific singular values from the higher-order singular value decomposition. These classes of estimators are indexed by tuning parameters, which we adaptively choose from the data by minimizing Stein's unbiased risk estimate. In particular, this procedure provides a way to estimate the multilinear rank of the underlying signal tensor. Using simulation studies under a variety of conditions, we show that our estimators perform well when the mean tensor has approximately low multilinear rank, and perform competitively when the signal tensor does not have approximately low multilinear rank. We illustrate the use of these methods in an application to multivariate relational data.Comment: 29 pages, 3 figure

Hypergeometric Properties of Genus 3 Generalized Legendre Curves

Inspired by a result of Manin, we study the relationship between certain period integrals and the trace of Frobenius of genus 3 generalized Legendre curves. We show that both of these properties can be computed in terms of "matching" classical and finite field hypergeometric functions, a phenomenon that has also been observed in elliptic curves and many higher dimensional varieties.Comment: 13 page