Triple loss for hard face detection

Although face detection has been well addressed in the last decades, despite the achievements in recent years, effective detection of small, blurred and partially occluded faces in the wild remains a challenging task. Meanwhile, the trade-off between computational cost and accuracy is also an open research problem in this context. To tackle these challenges, in this paper, a novel context enhanced approach is proposed with structural optimization and loss function optimization. For loss function optimization, we introduce a hierarchical loss, referring to ``triple loss'' in this paper, to optimize the feature pyramid network (FPN) (Lin et al., 2017) based face detector. Additional layers are only applied during the training process. As a result, the computational cost is the same as FPN during inference. For structural optimization, we propose a context sensitive structure to increase the capacity of the prediction network to improve the accuracy of the output. In details, a three-branch inception subnet (Szegedy et al., 2015) based feature fusion module is employed to refine the original FPN without increasing the computational cost significantly, further improving low-level semantic information, which is originally extracted from a single convolutional layer in the backward pathway of FPN. The proposed approach is evaluated on two publicly available face detection benchmarks, FDDB and WIDER FACE. By using a VGG-16 based detector, experimental results indicate that the proposed method achieves a good balance between the accuracy and computational cost of face detection

Assessing the Computational Complexity of Multi-Layer Subgraph Detection

Multi-layer graphs consist of several graphs (layers) over the same vertex set. They are motivated by real-world problems where entities (vertices) are associated via multiple types of relationships (edges in different layers). We chart the border of computational (in)tractability for the class of subgraph detection problems on multi-layer graphs, including fundamental problems such as maximum matching, finding certain clique relaxations (motivated by community detection), or path problems. Mostly encountering hardness results, sometimes even for two or three layers, we can also spot some islands of tractability

Innovation in prediction planning for anterior open bite correction

This study applies recent advances in 3D virtual imaging for application in the prediction planning of dentofacial deformities. Stereo-photogrammetry has been used to create virtual and physical models, which are creatively combined in planning the surgical correction of anterior open bite. The application of these novel methods is demonstrated through the surgical correction of a case

Person Recognition in Personal Photo Collections

Recognising persons in everyday photos presents major challenges (occluded faces, different clothing, locations, etc.) for machine vision. We propose a convnet based person recognition system on which we provide an in-depth analysis of informativeness of different body cues, impact of training data, and the common failure modes of the system. In addition, we discuss the limitations of existing benchmarks and propose more challenging ones. Our method is simple and is built on open source and open data, yet it improves the state of the art results on a large dataset of social media photos (PIPA).Comment: Accepted to ICCV 2015, revise

Not just an older woman’s disease: breast cancer in your 20s and 30s

Draws attention to the unique challenges faced by the 800 young women per year diagnosed with breast cancer in Australia. Executive summary Breast cancer in young women – defined in this report as women less than 40 years of age – is not a phenomenon that has received much attention to date in Australia. Yet almost 800 young women per year are diagnosed. While the incidence of breast cancer is not as high as in older generations, young women face an utterly disproportionate burden of impact on every aspect of their lives. This is poorly publicised, and even more poorly understood, thereby adding to that burden. From the moment of concern when typically they may discover a worrying change in their breasts, young women face an uphill battle. Even being taken seriously with their request for diagnostic testing can be a challenge. Young women tend to think they are ‘bullet proof’. They are often fit, active and lean with no discernible risk factors. Because the incidence of breast cancer in the 20s and 30s is low, when it does occur it takes everyone by surprise. Mammographic screening is not offered to women under 40 in Australia, because it is not particularly effective in younger age groups. So, young women must rely on breast self-examination or clinical breast examination to find any changes. For young women, having an accurate understanding of family history can be an important tool to aid early diagnosis. However, it’s important that young women don’t overestimate the role of family history in breast cancer. We know for women of all ages, only a maximum of 15% of breast cancers are related to family history. Although breast cancer is not common in young women, those affected are typically diagnosed with more aggressive sub-types of the disease and larger tumours – which means a poorer prognosis. Because young women often manifest with ‘triple negative’ disease, there are few targeted therapies available for them – unlike older women who most often manifest with hormonally-driven breast cancers responsive to antihormone therapies. So, young women are often aggressively treated with chemotherapy, which can be effective but also a ‘blunt instrument’ in killing healthy cells as well as cancer cells, with effects for years to come. Treatments can have severe impacts on young women’s abilities to remain employed and certainly to remain employed in the same job and with the same working conditions. This in turn can have very significant impacts on their financial situation and future career prospects. More young women die of their disease, compared with older women, and they have a higher rate of recurrence and spread from the breast to other parts of the body, such as the bone, liver, lungs and brain. Once that metastasis has happened, the science today can keep them alive for some years, but ultimately cannot save them – yet. Young women in this situation are particularly challenged. The content in this report focuses on early detection and management of primary breast cancer. However, we are very conscious of the unmet needs of young women whose breast cancer has spread, and recognise the requirement for further support, greater awareness, better therapies and more research for these women

Non-thermal high-energy emission from colliding winds of massive stars

Colliding winds of massive star binary systems are considered as potential sites of non-thermal high-energy photon production. This is motivated merely by the detection of synchrotron radio emission from the expected colliding wind location. Here we investigate the properties of high-energy photon production in colliding winds of long-period WR+OB-systems. We found that in the dominating leptonic radiation process anisotropy and Klein-Nishina effects may yield spectral and variability signatures in the gamma-ray domain at or above the sensitivity of current or upcoming gamma-ray telescopes. Analytical formulae for the steady-state particle spectra are derived assuming diffusive particle acceleration out of a pool of thermal wind particles, and taking into account adiabatic and all relevant radiative losses. For the first time we include their advection/convection in the wind collision zone, and distinguish two regions within this extended region: the acceleration region where spatial diffusion is superior to convective/advective motion, and the convection region defined by the convection time shorter than the diffusion time scale. The calculation of the Inverse Compton radiation uses the full Klein-Nishina cross section, and takes into account the anisotropic nature of the scattering process. This leads to orbital flux variations by up to several orders of magnitude which may, however, be blurred by the geometry of the system. The calculations are applied to the typical WR+OB-systems WR 140 and WR 147 to yield predictions of their expected spectral and temporal characteristica and to evaluate chances to detect high-energy emission with the current and upcoming gamma-ray experiments. (abridged)Comment: 67 pages, 24 figures, submitted to Ap