Change of the yield stress in roll formed ERW pipes considering the Bauschinger effect

ERW pipes formed with the roll forming process show a yield stress distribution along the circumferential direction and their quality is strongly influenced by the magnitude and by the distributions of the yield stress. In addition to that, strips are subjected to cyclic loading during roll forming process. Since ERW pipes are firstly roll formed, welded and then sized, in order to develop an enhanced predicting method for the calculation of the ERW pipe yield stress, the same process flow has been also applied to authors\u2019 numerical simulations. The Yoshida-Uemori kinematic hardening model has been applied considering several subdivision of the strain range, and different parameters, aiming to find the best correlation between the estimated Bauschinger effect and the one measured in the relevant cyclic loading experiment. The comparisons between estimated and experimentally-measured values of the thickness distribution, and of the locally-measured yield stress, prove both reliability and accuracy of the adopted process chain analysis. The growth of the sizing effect ratio has shown to cause the increase of the yield stress, which becomes more uniform along the circumferential direction

Control, optimization and monitoring of Portland cement (Pc 42.5) quality at the ball mill

Thesis (Master)--Izmir Institute of Technology, Chemical Engineering, Izmir, 2006Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 77-78)Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and Englishxi, 89 leavesIn this study, artificial neural networks (ANN) and fuzzy logic models were developed to model relationship among cement mill operational parameters. The response variable was weight percentage of product residue on 32-micrometer sieve (or fineness), while the input parameters were revolution percent, falofon percentage, and the elevator amperage (amps), which exhibits elevator charge to the separator. The process data collected from a local plant, Cimenta Cement Factory, in 2004, were used in model construction and testing. First, ANN (Artificial Neural Network) model was constructed. A feed forward network type with one input layer including 3 input parameters, two hidden layer, and one output layer including residue percentage on 32 micrometer sieve as an output parameter was constructed. After testing the model, it was detected that the model.s ability to predict the residue on 32-micrometer sieve (fineness) was successful (Correlation coefficient is 0.92). By detailed analysis of values of parameters of ANN model.s contour plots, Mamdani type fuzzy rule set in the fuzzy model on MatLAB was created. There were three parameters and three levels, and then there were third power of three (27) rules. In this study, we constructed mix of Z type, S type and gaussian type membership functions of the input parameters and response. By help of fuzzy toolbox of MatLAB, the residue percentage on 32-micrometer sieve (fineness) was predicted. Finally, It was found that the model had a correlation coefficient of 0.76. The utility of the ANN and fuzzy models created in this study was in the potential ability of the process engineers to control processing parameters to accomplish the desired cement fineness levels. In the second part of the study, a quantitative procedure for monitoring and evaluating cement milling process performance was described. Some control charts such as CUSUM (Cumulative Sum) and EWMA (Exponentially Weighted Moving Average) charts were used to monitor the cement fineness by using historical data. As a result, it is found that CUSUM and EWMA control charts can be easily used in the cement milling process monitoring in order to detect small shifts in 32-micrometer fineness, percentage by weight, in shorter sampling time interval

Development and application of a catchment scale pesticide fate and transport model for use in drinking water risk assessment

This paper describes the development and application of IMPT (Integrated Model for Pesticide Transport), a parameter-efficient tool for predicting diffuse-source pesticide concentrations in surface waters used for drinking water supply. The model was applied to a small UK headwater catchment with high frequency (8 h) pesticide monitoring data and to five larger catchments (479–1653 km2) with sampling approximately every 14 days. Model performance was good for predictions of both flow (Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency generally > 0.59 and PBIAS < 10%) and pesticide concentrations, although low sampling frequency in the larger catchments is likely to mask the true episodic nature of exposure. The computational efficiency of the model, along with the fact that most of its parameters can be derived from existing national soil property data mean that it can be used to rapidly predict pesticide exposure in multiple surface water resources to support operational and strategic risk assessments

Fabrication of graphite/epoxy cases for orbit insertion motors

The fabrication procedures are described for filament-wound rocket motor cases, approximately 26.25 inches long by 25.50 inches diameter, utilizing graphite fibers. The process utilized prepreg tape which consists of Fortafil 4-R fibers in the E-759 epoxy resin matrix. This fabrication effect demonstrated an ability to fabricate high quality graphite/epoxy rocket motor cases in the 26.25 inch by 25.50 inch size range

A Metallurgical Investigation of the Effects of Double Tempering on the Hardness, Impact Toughness and Microstructure of AISI 4140 Steel

Tempering is a metallurgical process by which low alloy steels toughness & ductility are improved. Tempering is conducted in a single or multi cycle temper. The goal of this project is to investigate the effects of single vs double tempering on the properties 4140 steel. Samples of 4140 steel were tempered at 300, 400, 500, and 600 ºC for a total of 4 hours in single & double tempers. The samples were Rockwell C hardness & Charpy V-notch impact tested. The microstructure was characterized with SEM; carbides were extracted from samples & measured using XRD. The results are analyzed using the HollomanJaffe parameter. It was found that a 4-hour double temper does not significantly alter the microstructure, hardness, or impact toughness of 4140 steel when compared to a 4 hour single temper

Investigation and Integration of Single and Double Tempering of 4140 Steel

This project is part of a much broader researcher in which two goals were involved throughout the process. The first goal is to investigate the effects of single versus double tempering on the mechanical properties and microstructure of 4140 steel. The second goal of this project is to incorporate the given results from single and double tempering in the design of a double-angle connections in frame structures