75,735 research outputs found
CANU-ReID: A Conditional Adversarial Network for Unsupervised person Re-IDentification
Unsupervised person re-ID is the task of identifying people on a target data
set for which the ID labels are unavailable during training. In this paper, we
propose to unify two trends in unsupervised person re-ID: clustering &
fine-tuning and adversarial learning. On one side, clustering groups training
images into pseudo-ID labels, and uses them to fine-tune the feature extractor.
On the other side, adversarial learning is used, inspired by domain adaptation,
to match distributions from different domains. Since target data is distributed
across different camera viewpoints, we propose to model each camera as an
independent domain, and aim to learn domain-independent features.
Straightforward adversarial learning yields negative transfer, we thus
introduce a conditioning vector to mitigate this undesirable effect. In our
framework, the centroid of the cluster to which the visual sample belongs is
used as conditioning vector of our conditional adversarial network, where the
vector is permutation invariant (clusters ordering does not matter) and its
size is independent of the number of clusters. To our knowledge, we are the
first to propose the use of conditional adversarial networks for unsupervised
person re-ID. We evaluate the proposed architecture on top of two
state-of-the-art clustering-based unsupervised person re-identification (re-ID)
methods on four different experimental settings with three different data sets
and set the new state-of-the-art performance on all four of them. Our code and
model will be made publicly available at
https://team.inria.fr/perception/canu-reid/
Machine Learning Algorithms for Smart Data Analysis in Internet of Things Environment: Taxonomies and Research Trends
Machine learning techniques will contribution towards making Internet of Things (IoT)
symmetric applications among the most significant sources of new data in the future. In this context,
network systems are endowed with the capacity to access varieties of experimental symmetric data
across a plethora of network devices, study the data information, obtain knowledge, and make
informed decisions based on the dataset at its disposal. This study is limited to supervised and
unsupervised machine learning (ML) techniques, regarded as the bedrock of the IoT smart data
analysis. This study includes reviews and discussions of substantial issues related to supervised
and unsupervised machine learning techniques, highlighting the advantages and limitations of each
algorithm, and discusses the research trends and recommendations for further study
Semi-Supervised and Unsupervised Deep Visual Learning: A Survey
State-of-the-art deep learning models are often trained with a large amountof costly labeled training data. However, requiring exhaustive manualannotations may degrade the model's generalizability in the limited-labelregime. Semi-supervised learning and unsupervised learning offer promisingparadigms to learn from an abundance of unlabeled visual data. Recent progressin these paradigms has indicated the strong benefits of leveraging unlabeleddata to improve model generalization and provide better model initialization.In this survey, we review the recent advanced deep learning algorithms onsemi-supervised learning (SSL) and unsupervised learning (UL) for visualrecognition from a unified perspective. To offer a holistic understanding ofthe state-of-the-art in these areas, we propose a unified taxonomy. Wecategorize existing representative SSL and UL with comprehensive and insightfulanalysis to highlight their design rationales in different learning scenariosand applications in different computer vision tasks. Lastly, we discuss theemerging trends and open challenges in SSL and UL to shed light on futurecritical research directions.<br
Learning Independent Causal Mechanisms
Statistical learning relies upon data sampled from a distribution, and we
usually do not care what actually generated it in the first place. From the
point of view of causal modeling, the structure of each distribution is induced
by physical mechanisms that give rise to dependences between observables.
Mechanisms, however, can be meaningful autonomous modules of generative models
that make sense beyond a particular entailed data distribution, lending
themselves to transfer between problems. We develop an algorithm to recover a
set of independent (inverse) mechanisms from a set of transformed data points.
The approach is unsupervised and based on a set of experts that compete for
data generated by the mechanisms, driving specialization. We analyze the
proposed method in a series of experiments on image data. Each expert learns to
map a subset of the transformed data back to a reference distribution. The
learned mechanisms generalize to novel domains. We discuss implications for
transfer learning and links to recent trends in generative modeling.Comment: ICML 201
No Pattern, No Recognition: a Survey about Reproducibility and Distortion Issues of Text Clustering and Topic Modeling
Extracting knowledge from unlabeled texts using machine learning algorithms
can be complex. Document categorization and information retrieval are two
applications that may benefit from unsupervised learning (e.g., text clustering
and topic modeling), including exploratory data analysis. However, the
unsupervised learning paradigm poses reproducibility issues. The initialization
can lead to variability depending on the machine learning algorithm.
Furthermore, the distortions can be misleading when regarding cluster geometry.
Amongst the causes, the presence of outliers and anomalies can be a determining
factor. Despite the relevance of initialization and outlier issues for text
clustering and topic modeling, the authors did not find an in-depth analysis of
them. This survey provides a systematic literature review (2011-2022) of these
subareas and proposes a common terminology since similar procedures have
different terms. The authors describe research opportunities, trends, and open
issues. The appendices summarize the theoretical background of the text
vectorization, the factorization, and the clustering algorithms that are
directly or indirectly related to the reviewed works
An emergentist perspective on the origin of number sense
open2noopenZorzi, Marco; Testolin, AlbertoZorzi, Marco; Testolin, Albert
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