4,542 research outputs found

    Pre-classification module for an all-season image retrieval system

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    Author name used in this publication: Zheru ChiAuthor name used in this publication: Dagan FengCentre for Multimedia Signal Processing, Department of Electronic and Information EngineeringRefereed conference paper2007-2008 > Academic research: refereed > Refereed conference paperVersion of RecordPublishe

    Learning to Reason: End-to-End Module Networks for Visual Question Answering

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    Natural language questions are inherently compositional, and many are most easily answered by reasoning about their decomposition into modular sub-problems. For example, to answer "is there an equal number of balls and boxes?" we can look for balls, look for boxes, count them, and compare the results. The recently proposed Neural Module Network (NMN) architecture implements this approach to question answering by parsing questions into linguistic substructures and assembling question-specific deep networks from smaller modules that each solve one subtask. However, existing NMN implementations rely on brittle off-the-shelf parsers, and are restricted to the module configurations proposed by these parsers rather than learning them from data. In this paper, we propose End-to-End Module Networks (N2NMNs), which learn to reason by directly predicting instance-specific network layouts without the aid of a parser. Our model learns to generate network structures (by imitating expert demonstrations) while simultaneously learning network parameters (using the downstream task loss). Experimental results on the new CLEVR dataset targeted at compositional question answering show that N2NMNs achieve an error reduction of nearly 50% relative to state-of-the-art attentional approaches, while discovering interpretable network architectures specialized for each question

    Linking Visual Development and Learning to Information Processing: Preattentive and Attentive Brain Dynamics

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    National Science Foundation (SBE-0354378); Office of Naval Research (N00014-95-1-0657
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