14,455 research outputs found
Analyzing and Interpreting Neural Networks for NLP: A Report on the First BlackboxNLP Workshop
The EMNLP 2018 workshop BlackboxNLP was dedicated to resources and techniques
specifically developed for analyzing and understanding the inner-workings and
representations acquired by neural models of language. Approaches included:
systematic manipulation of input to neural networks and investigating the
impact on their performance, testing whether interpretable knowledge can be
decoded from intermediate representations acquired by neural networks,
proposing modifications to neural network architectures to make their knowledge
state or generated output more explainable, and examining the performance of
networks on simplified or formal languages. Here we review a number of
representative studies in each category
ShapeCodes: Self-Supervised Feature Learning by Lifting Views to Viewgrids
We introduce an unsupervised feature learning approach that embeds 3D shape
information into a single-view image representation. The main idea is a
self-supervised training objective that, given only a single 2D image, requires
all unseen views of the object to be predictable from learned features. We
implement this idea as an encoder-decoder convolutional neural network. The
network maps an input image of an unknown category and unknown viewpoint to a
latent space, from which a deconvolutional decoder can best "lift" the image to
its complete viewgrid showing the object from all viewing angles. Our
class-agnostic training procedure encourages the representation to capture
fundamental shape primitives and semantic regularities in a data-driven
manner---without manual semantic labels. Our results on two widely-used shape
datasets show 1) our approach successfully learns to perform "mental rotation"
even for objects unseen during training, and 2) the learned latent space is a
powerful representation for object recognition, outperforming several existing
unsupervised feature learning methods.Comment: To appear at ECCV 201
Current trends
Deep parsing is the fundamental process aiming at the representation of the syntactic
structure of phrases and sentences. In the traditional methodology this process is
based on lexicons and grammars representing roughly properties of words and interactions
of words and structures in sentences. Several linguistic frameworks, such as Headdriven
Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG), Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG), Tree Adjoining
Grammar (TAG), Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG), etc., offer different
structures and combining operations for building grammar rules. These already contain
mechanisms for expressing properties of Multiword Expressions (MWE), which, however,
need improvement in how they account for idiosyncrasies of MWEs on the one
hand and their similarities to regular structures on the other hand. This collaborative
book constitutes a survey on various attempts at representing and parsing MWEs in the
context of linguistic theories and applications
Representation and parsing of multiword expressions
This book consists of contributions related to the definition, representation and parsing of MWEs. These reflect current trends in the representation and processing of MWEs. They cover various categories of MWEs such as verbal, adverbial and nominal MWEs, various linguistic frameworks (e.g. tree-based and unification-based grammars), various languages including English, French, Modern Greek, Hebrew, Norwegian), and various applications (namely MWE detection, parsing, automatic translation) using both symbolic and statistical approaches
Exploring the Development of Core Teaching Practices in the Context of Inquiry-based Science Instruction: An Interpretive Case Study
This paper describes our reflection on a clinical-based teacher preparation program. We examined a context in which novice pre-service teachers and a mentor teacher implemented inquiry-based science instruction to help students make sense of genetic engineering. We utilized developmental models of professional practice that outline the complexity inherent in professional knowledge as a conceptual framework to analyze teacher practice. Drawing on our analysis, we developed a typography of understandings of inquiry-based science instruction that teachers in our cohort held and generated a two dimensional model characterizing pathways through which teachers develop core teaching practices supporting inquiry-based science instruction
Discrete Flavor Symmetries and Models of Neutrino Mixing
We review the application of non abelian discrete groups to the theory of
neutrino masses and mixing, which is strongly suggested by the agreement of the
Tri-Bimaximal mixing pattern with experiment. After summarizing the motivation
and the formalism, we discuss specific models, based on A4, S4 and other finite
groups, and their phenomenological implications, including lepton flavor
violating processes, leptogenesis and the extension to quarks. In alternative
to Tri-Bimaximal mixing the application of discrete flavor symmetries to
quark-lepton complementarity and Bimaximal Mixing is also considered.Comment: 54 pages, 3 figures, minor changes in the text and references adde
Making Sense of China’s Economic Transformation
China’s sustained rapid economic growth over the post-1978 reform era, which is also the era of globalisation, is of worldwide importance. This growth experience has been
based mainly on China’s internal dynamics. In the first half of the era, economic growth was propelled by improvement in both allocative efficiency and productive efficiency. From the early 1990s until the present time, however, economic growth has been increasingly based on
dynamic increasing returns associated with a growth path that is characterised by capital deepening. In both periods, the growth paths and their associated long-term-oriented institutions contradict principles of the free market economy – i.e., doctrines of globalisation. In the form of an analytical overview, this article seeks to explain and interpret the historical background, logic of evolution, and developmental and social implications of China’s economic transformation. The analytics draws on a range of relevant economic theories including Marxian theory of economic growth, Post-Keynesian theory of demand
determination, and Neo-Schumpeterian theory of innovation. It is posited that these alternative theoretical perspectives offer better insights than mainstream neoclassical economics in explaining and interpreting China’s economic transformation
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