3,294 research outputs found
Transfer learning for diagnosis of congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract in children based on Ultrasound imaging data
Classification of ultrasound (US) kidney images for diagnosis of congenital
abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) in children is a
challenging task. It is desirable to improve existing pattern classification
models that are built upon conventional image features. In this study, we
propose a transfer learning-based method to extract imaging features from US
kidney images in order to improve the CAKUT diagnosis in children.
Particularly, a pre-trained deep learning model (imagenet-caffe-alex) is
adopted for transfer learning-based feature extraction from 3-channel feature
maps computed from US images, including original images, gradient features, and
distanced transform features. Support vector machine classifiers are then built
upon different sets of features, including the transfer learning features,
conventional imaging features, and their combination. Experimental results have
demonstrated that the combination of transfer learning features and
conventional imaging features yielded the best classification performance for
distinguishing CAKUT patients from normal controls based on their US kidney
images.Comment: Accepted paper in IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging
(ISBI), 201
Vision transformer and explainable transfer learning models for auto detection of kidney cyst, stone and tumor from CT-radiography
Renal failure, a public health concern, and the scarcity of nephrologists around the globe have necessitated the development of an AI-based system to auto-diagnose kidney diseases. This research deals with the three major renal diseases categories: kidney stones, cysts, and tumors, and gathered and annotated a total of 12,446 CT whole abdomen and urogram images in order to construct an AI-based kidney diseases diagnostic system and contribute to the AI community’s research scope e.g., modeling digital-twin of renal functions. The collected images were exposed to exploratory data analysis, which revealed that the images from all of the classes had the same type of mean color distribution. Furthermore, six machine learning models were built, three of which are based on the state-of-the-art variants of the Vision transformers EANet, CCT, and Swin transformers, while the other three are based on well-known deep learning models Resnet, VGG16, and Inception v3, which were adjusted in the last layers. While the VGG16 and CCT models performed admirably, the swin transformer outperformed all of them in terms of accuracy, with an accuracy of 99.30 percent. The F1 score and precision and recall comparison reveal that the Swin transformer outperforms all other models and that it is the quickest to train. The study also revealed the blackbox of the VGG16, Resnet50, and Inception models, demonstrating that VGG16 is superior than Resnet50 and Inceptionv3 in terms of monitoring the necessary anatomy abnormalities. We believe that the superior accuracy of our Swin transformer-based model and the VGG16-based model can both be useful in diagnosing kidney tumors, cysts, and stones.publishedVersio
Diseases of the Abdomen and Pelvis 2018-2021: Diagnostic Imaging - IDKD Book
Gastrointestinal disease; PET/CT; Radiology; X-ray; IDKD; Davo
A Study proposal on Antenatal diagnosed hydronephrosis due to ureteropelvic junction obstruction - A 3 year study.
INTRODUCTION :
Congenital hydronephrosis caused by ureteropelvic junction
obstruction has challenged the ingenuity of paediatric surgeons and
remains one of the most enigmatic clinical problems today.
Ureteropelvic Junction obstruction may be defined as a functional or
anatomic obstruction to urine flow from the renal pelvis to the ureter
that left untreated results in symptoms or renal damage. Currently,
most instances of ureteropelvic junction obstruction are diagnosed in
the perinatal period as a result of widespread use of antenatal ultra
sonogram. Now a days the presentation, diagnostic and therapeutic
modalities also have been changed. Although both surgical and nonsurgical
measures have proved generally therapeutic, search for the
perfect cure for this common problem continues.
AIM AND OBJECTIVES :
1. Post natal evaluation of Antenatal diagnosed hydronephrosis due to UPJ obstruction.
2. Analysis of clinical and imaging parameters employed to decide future management.
3. Analysis of surgical aspects and outcomes of Antenatal detected hydronephrosis due
to Uretro Pelvic Junction obstruction.
SELECTION CRITERIA :
1. Inclusion criteria-Antenatal diagnosed hydronephrosis with post natal ultrasound
showing unilateral Ureteropelvic Junction obstruction.
2. Exclusion criteria-All patients of Antenatal diagnosed hydronephrosis during post
natal ultrasound evaluation showing ureteral dilatation/bladder involvement (Bilateral
UPJ, uretercoele, vesicoureteral reflux etc) were excluded from the study.
METHODS :
This is a prospective study conducted in the department of Paediatric surgery,
Institute of Child Health and Hospital over a period of 30 months (1/08/2008 to 31/1/2011).
The patients who fit into the above selection criteria were treated at the departments of
Paediatric surgery and Paediatric urology. Antenatal diagnosed hydronephrosis were
critically analysed in postnatal period based on the following parameters:
1. Clinical examination.
2. Biochemical investigation (urea, creatinine and electrolytes).
3. Post natal ultrasound (Neonates) done on D3 of life or beyond at time of presentation
and repeat ultrasound 1month.
4. Ivu/DTPA scan done at age of 1 month/ beyond at time of presentation.
CONCLUSION : In this study, the sex distribution is found as male and female (1.9:1) with male
preponderance.
The side distribution is with slight predominance of left side over right side as 60% /
40%.
In this study most common symptom at presentation is asymptomatic with antenatal
scan (76%) and palpable mass (20%), UTI 2%.
On serial follow-up of 50 cases, in which 40 cases (80%) progress to surgical
intervention.
All cases with clinically palpable mass in early infants were subjected to surgery.
Ultra sound on serial measurements showed Trans pelvic diameter > 2.5 cm
progressed to surgery, if TPD < 2.5 cm improved without surgery on follow-up.
The renal function as assessed by post operative DTPA scan, showed the significant
improvement of renal function in infants group who underwent early pyeloplasty.
Post-operative intravenous urogram showed a good correlation with post-operative
DTPA if there is complete drainage of contrast at 4hours film.
Indications for surgery were based on following parameters :
(a) Transverse Pelvic Diameter >2.5 cm
(b) DTPA <40%
(c) Obstructive pattern in drainage curve
Perinatal post-mortem ultrasound (PMUS): radiological-pathological correlation
There has been an increasing demand and interest in post-mortem imaging techniques, either as an adjunct or replacement for the conventional invasive autopsy. Post-mortem ultrasound (PMUS) is easily accessible and more affordable than other cross-sectional imaging modalities and allows visualisation of normal anatomical structures of the brain, thorax and abdomen in perinatal cases. The lack of aeration of post-mortem foetal lungs provides a good sonographic window for assessment of the heart and normal pulmonary lobulation, in contrast to live neonates.In a previous article within this journal, we published a practical approach to conducting a comprehensive PMUS examination. This covered the basic principles behind why post-mortem imaging is performed, helpful techniques for obtaining optimal PMUS images, and the expected normal post-mortem changes seen in perinatal deaths. In this article, we build upon this by focusing on commonly encountered pathologies on PMUS and compare these to autopsy and other post-mortem imaging modalities
Focal Spot, Winter 2006/2007
https://digitalcommons.wustl.edu/focal_spot_archives/1104/thumbnail.jp
Pediatric emergency medicine point-of-care ultrasound: summary of the evidence.
The utility of point-of-care ultrasound is well supported by the medical literature. Consequently, pediatric emergency medicine providers have embraced this technology in everyday practice. Recently, the American Academy of Pediatrics published a policy statement endorsing the use of point-of-care ultrasound by pediatric emergency medicine providers. To date, there is no standard guideline for the practice of point-of-care ultrasound for this specialty. This document serves as an initial step in the detailed how to and description of individual point-of-care ultrasound examinations. Pediatric emergency medicine providers should refer to this paper as reference for published research, objectives for learners, and standardized reporting guidelines
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