363 research outputs found
Aggressive Quadrotor Flight through Narrow Gaps with Onboard Sensing and Computing using Active Vision
We address one of the main challenges towards autonomous quadrotor flight in
complex environments, which is flight through narrow gaps. While previous works
relied on off-board localization systems or on accurate prior knowledge of the
gap position and orientation, we rely solely on onboard sensing and computing
and estimate the full state by fusing gap detection from a single onboard
camera with an IMU. This problem is challenging for two reasons: (i) the
quadrotor pose uncertainty with respect to the gap increases quadratically with
the distance from the gap; (ii) the quadrotor has to actively control its
orientation towards the gap to enable state estimation (i.e., active vision).
We solve this problem by generating a trajectory that considers geometric,
dynamic, and perception constraints: during the approach maneuver, the
quadrotor always faces the gap to allow state estimation, while respecting the
vehicle dynamics; during the traverse through the gap, the distance of the
quadrotor to the edges of the gap is maximized. Furthermore, we replan the
trajectory during its execution to cope with the varying uncertainty of the
state estimate. We successfully evaluate and demonstrate the proposed approach
in many real experiments. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work
that addresses and achieves autonomous, aggressive flight through narrow gaps
using only onboard sensing and computing and without prior knowledge of the
pose of the gap
Geometric Surface-Based Tracking Control of a Quadrotor UAV
New quadrotor UAV control algorithms are developed, based on nonlinear
surfaces composed of tracking errors that evolve directly on the nonlinear
configuration manifold, thus inherently including in the control design the
nonlinear characteristics of the SE(3) configuration space. In particular,
geometric surface-based controllers are developed and are shown, through
rigorous stability proofs, to have desirable almost global closed loop
properties. For the first time in regards to the geometric literature, a region
of attraction independent of the position error is identified and its effects
are analyzed. The effectiveness of the proposed "surface based" controllers are
illustrated by simulations of aggressive maneuvers in the presence of
disturbances and motor saturation.Comment: 2018 26th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation (MED
Quadrotor control for persistent surveillance of dynamic environments
Thesis (M.S.)--Boston UniversityThe last decade has witnessed many advances in the field of small scale unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). In particular, the quadrotor has attracted significant attention. Due to its ability to perform vertical takeoff and landing, and to operate in cluttered spaces, the quadrotor is utilized in numerous practical applications, such as reconnaissance and information gathering in unsafe or otherwise unreachable environments.
This work considers the application of aerial surveillance over a city-like environment. The thesis presents a framework for automatic deployment of quadrotors to monitor and react to dynamically changing events. The framework has a hierarchical structure. At the top level, the UAVs perform complex behaviors that satisfy high- level mission specifications. At the bottom level, low-level controllers drive actuators on vehicles to perform the desired maneuvers.
In parallel with the development of controllers, this work covers the implementation of the system into an experimental testbed. The testbed emulates a city using physical objects to represent static features and projectors to display dynamic events occurring on the ground as seen by an aerial vehicle. The experimental platform features a motion capture system that provides position data for UAVs and physical features of the environment, allowing for precise, closed-loop control of the vehicles. Experimental runs in the testbed are used to validate the effectiveness of the developed control strategies
Deep Drone Acrobatics
Performing acrobatic maneuvers with quadrotors is extremely challenging.
Acrobatic flight requires high thrust and extreme angular accelerations that
push the platform to its physical limits. Professional drone pilots often
measure their level of mastery by flying such maneuvers in competitions. In
this paper, we propose to learn a sensorimotor policy that enables an
autonomous quadrotor to fly extreme acrobatic maneuvers with only onboard
sensing and computation. We train the policy entirely in simulation by
leveraging demonstrations from an optimal controller that has access to
privileged information. We use appropriate abstractions of the visual input to
enable transfer to a real quadrotor. We show that the resulting policy can be
directly deployed in the physical world without any fine-tuning on real data.
Our methodology has several favorable properties: it does not require a human
expert to provide demonstrations, it cannot harm the physical system during
training, and it can be used to learn maneuvers that are challenging even for
the best human pilots. Our approach enables a physical quadrotor to fly
maneuvers such as the Power Loop, the Barrel Roll, and the Matty Flip, during
which it incurs accelerations of up to 3g.Comment: 8 pages + 2 pages references. Video: https://youtu.be/2N_wKXQ6MXA.
Code: https://github.com/uzh-rpg/deep_drone_acrobatic
Analysis and Control of a Variable-Pitch Quadrotor for Agile Flight
Fixed-pitch quadrotors are popular research and hobby platforms largely due to their mechanical simplicity relative to other hovering aircraft. This simplicity, however, places fundamental limits on the achievable actuator bandwidth and the possible flight maneuvers. This paper shows that many of these limitations can be overcome by utilizing variable-pitch propellers on a quadrotor. A detailed analysis of the potential benefits of variable-pitch propellers over fixed-pitch propellers for a quadrotor is presented. This analysis is supported with experimental testing to show that variable-pitch propellers, in addition to allowing for generation of reverse thrust, substantially increase the maximum rate of thrust change. A nonlinear, quaternion-based control algorithm for controlling the quadrotor is also presented with an accompanying trajectory generation method that finds polynomial minimum-time paths based on actuator saturation levels. The control law and trajectory generation algorithms are implemented on a custom variable-pitch quadrotor. Several flight tests are shown, which highlight the benefits of a variable-pitch quadrotor over a standard fixed-pitch quadrotor for performing aggressive and aerobatic maneuvers.National Science Foundation (U.S.) (0645960
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