How to design Greenhouse Gas Trading in the EU?

Summary: A new and remarkable Green Paper about how to trade Greenhouse gases (GHG) in the EU has recently been published by the Commission of the European Union. This to achieve the stated 8% reduction target level. The Green Paper raises ten questions about how greenhouse gas permit trading should be designed in the EU before year 2005. These ten questions can be compressed into four main issues, namely target group, allocation of emission allowances, how to mix emission trading with other instruments and fourth enforcement. In the literature, there is a strong need to guide decision-makers and stimulate academic debates concerning the actual design of a simple and workable GHG market model for the EU. This model must take both economic, administrative and political concerns into account so that it is feasible in practice. Based on our findings, we therefore develop a policy recommendation concerning the future design of GHG permit trading in the EU.European Union; Energy policy; Greenhouse gases; CO2 emission; Permit trading design; Kyoto protocol; Electricity sector

Banking and Trade of Carbon Emission Rights: A CGE Analysis

This paper analyses trading and banking of carbon emission rights. Within the framework of a modestly simple, integrated assessment model that brakes the world economy in just two re-gions, North and South, it can be shown: (1) There exists separability between environmental targets and the choice of instruments. Increasing the "when and where" flexibility in green-house gas abatement either through banking or trading of carbon emission permits or both positively affects global welfare. It has, however, almost no impact on global climate change. (2) Depending upon the choice of instruments there are significant distributional effects across regions. Both regions can improve welfare simultaneously, if carbon emission rights are traded on open international markets. But if it were feasible to bank or borrow carbon permits, then - independent of whether there is trading of carbon rights or not - the South suffers welfare losses compared to a no banking no trade situation.Carbon rights; climate policy; integrated assessment; banking and trade

Action plan for deriving dynamic RES-E policies

The core objective of this project is to facilitate a continuous and significant increase in the share of RESE with minimal costs to European citizen. To identify the most important strategies (e.g. Tradable Green Certificates, Feed-In Tariffs, Investment Subsidies, Emissions Trading, CO2-taxes) in a dynamic way the computer-based toolbox Green-X has been developed. Although within the scope of this project it has not been feasible to investigate all possible issues within this field, the cases analysed cover not only the needs and opportunities at the level of the national Member States, but also those at the level ofthe EU. However, the most important ones have been treated thoroughly. This report, which is the final outcome from the Green-X project (Contract No: ENG2-CT-2002- 00607), with funding from the European Commission, DG Research, provides recommendations on the way forward for the promotion of renewable energy for electricity generation in the EU. It is addressed primarily to energy policy maker, as well as to other people interested in renewable energy and energy policy

“Just” ecopreneurs: re-conceptualising green transitions and entrepreneurship

© 2016 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Economic, environmental, and social limits of the current capitalist mode of production have led to a rethinking and reconceptualisation of economic processes and models including the role of businesses in sustainable development. While green economies and more specifically green entrepreneurs have been identified as agents of change that can challenge the mainstream and seek to induce environmental, social, and ethical transformation of society, much research has stayed within existing models of thinking predominantly rooted in technocratic approaches (e.g. ecological modernisation and more recently transition studies). This paper seeks to offer an alternative understanding of green entrepreneurship that breaks open these discussions using an environmental justice frame that focuses on the role of extra-economic discourses in shaping the social relations of economic systems. By drawing on an exemplary case study of “just” entrepreneurship from Boston, Massachusetts, USA, the paper seeks to start a conversation around the ideas of green entrepreneurship and environmental justice as vehicles to deliver potentially broader system changes and explores both conceptual and practical aspects of green development. As such, it offers (1) evidence of a just green economy that can be realised within existing capitalist structures as well as (2) a different conceptual entry point to understanding green entrepreneurship

Integratation of Tradable Green Certificate Markets: What can be expected?

Recently, many countries have introduced systems of tradable green certificates (TGCs) in order to increase the proportion of their electricity supply obtained from renewable sources. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the analytics of a TGC system of the Nordic type when integrated within several countries and to determine what can be expected from the system when applied in a real world setting. Both an analytical and a partial equilibrium version of the model are applied. In particular, we ask whether it is possible to derive analytically clear cut results with respect to how the system affects generation of electricity from renewable resources, and from carbon emitting resources, in the same way as it is possible for other known policy instruments such as an emission permit system or a plain carbon emission tax. A key result is that TGCs may be an imprecise instrument for regulating the generation of green electricity and that the combination of TGCs with a system of tradable emission permits may yield outcomes contrary to the intended purpose.Renewable energy; electricity; green certificates; emissions trading

W217 The Business of Carbon Credit Trading for Forest Landowners

The 21st century is ushering in an indisputable shift toward green. Many businesses large and small, across disciplines, spanning the globe, are reconfiguring their mode of operation to meet the prospect of emerging green (ecosystem) markets. Carbon credit trading is an emerging ecosystem market from which some forest landowners may profit. This market could become sizeable if federal or state governments intervene to set mandatory targets for carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction. It could also become less significant as industries change to be more successful in lowering their carbon emissions

Implementasi Tugas Dan Wewenang Penyidik Terhadap Perlindungan Penyu Hijau

The research of officer task and authority implementation towards green turtle conservation (study case of Marine Police Directorate Regional Bali) aims to describing and analizing officer task and authority implementation in deep based on both KUHAP or Conservation Law. Besides, this research also aims to figure out the enabling and inhibiting factors in implementing officer task and authority towards green turtle conservation, also researching the steps taken by of Marine Police Directorate Regional Bali. The need for green turtle in Bali is rising up to this time. Although many criminal offensers got caught by of Marine Police Directorate Regional Bali officers but it is still going on. Based on this situation, a question arises how is the implementation of officer task and authority towards green turtle conservation and what are the enabling and inhibiting factors. The method used in this research is empirical legal research with descriptive research using prime and secondary data resouces with interview and also related available documents. This research uses non probability sampling technique which is purpose sampling with quota sampling that is a process of sample withdrawing by observing the easiest sample to take and the sample has special features that attracts the researcher. With all collected data, managed using qualitative analysis and the data presented descriptively and sistematically. Based on the research done before, it is noticed that the implementation of officer task and authority towards green turtle conservation based on KUHAP and Conservation Law has been going well. Granting rights for the suspects of green turtle trading during the investigation has been done by the officers based on KUHAP. The factors which becomes the enabling task for officer task and authority towards green turtle is the law factor, law enforcement, equipment and facilities, and culture. Meanwhile the society factor is the main inhibiting factor for implementing officer task and authority towards green turtle conservation. The habit of consuming turtle meat and guise of religious ceremony are mostly used as the reasons in trading this protected animal

Pengaruh Green Marketing Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Dan Dampaknya Terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan (Survei Pada Mahasiswa Universitas Brawijaya Malang Pelanggan Teh Kotak),

This Study aimed to determine: the effect of Green Marketing on Purchase Decision, The offect of Purchase Decision on Customers Loyality, and Green Marketing on customers Loyality. The type of reseach used was explanatory research with quantitative approach. The samples in this research were 116 Toward The Student of Brawijaya University, Malang on Customers Teh Kotak. Data were collected through questionare and were analyzed using descriptive and path analysis. The study Shows that: Green Marketing has direct effect and significant on Purchase Decision; Purchase Decision has direct effect and significant on Customers Loyality; Green Marketing has direct effect and significant Customers Loyality. It can be concluded that Green Marketing affect purchasing decision and Customers Loyality, directly and inderectly. Its advised that PT. Ultrajaya Milk Industry and Trading Company Tbk. to continue maintain and improve the running Green Marketing program to innovate and create high quality and enviromentally friendly product

Analysis on the Trading Path of Carbon Emission Rights of Village-level Photovoltaic Poverty Alleviation Power Stations in China

Photovoltaic poverty alleviation is a pioneering initiative in the organic combination of China’s poverty alleviation and new energy development. As a landmark project of China’s targeted poverty alleviation, it is characterized with rapid effects, steady profits, precise poverty alleviation and environmental-friendliness. Developing the photovoltaic poverty alleviation power station project into a greenhouse gas emission reduction project that meets the national requirements is not only an innovative measure to consolidate and expand the achievements of poverty alleviation, and continuously promote rural revitalization, but also an effective way to practice green and low-carbon development and promote “Carbon Peak•Carbon Neutrality”. Based on the summaries and analysis of the development of China’s photovoltaic poverty alleviation and carbon trading market and the situation of carbon emission trading pilot, this paper sorts out the relevant policies of poverty alleviation’s participation in carbon trading, studies the participation mode and trading process of village-level photovoltaic poverty alleviation power station, scientifically calculates the additional economic benefits brought by Chinese Certified Emission Reduction (CCER) trading for village-level photovoltaic poverty alleviation power station, and puts forward some policy recommendations on rationally optimizing carbon trading procedures and improving work efficiency. Keywords: Photovoltaic poverty alleviation, Carbon market, Carbon trading, Implementation path DOI: 10.7176/PPAR/11-5-01 Publication date:June 30th 202