M-health review: joining up healthcare in a wireless world

In recent years, there has been a huge increase in the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) to deliver health and social care. This trend is bound to continue as providers (whether public or private) strive to deliver better care to more people under conditions of severe budgetary constraint

Enabling Single-Pilot Operations technological and operative scenarios: a state-of-the-art review with possible cues

Both financial and operational reasons have been given emphasis to the implementation of Single-Pilot Operations in commercial aviation. SPO will involve replacing the first officer with integrated cockpit assistants and support ground stations. This review aims to provide an overview of SPO through a classification of the specific areas of interest. Enabling SPO will require designers to re-modulate the human-automation interface according to the new allocation of functions in the flight deck. However, while technological issues are expected to be overcome in the next future, major attention should be paid on the human factor side

Quality assessment technique for ubiquitous software and middleware

The new paradigm of computing or information systems is ubiquitous computing systems. The technology-oriented issues of ubiquitous computing systems have made researchers pay much attention to the feasibility study of the technologies rather than building quality assurance indices or guidelines. In this context, measuring quality is the key to developing high-quality ubiquitous computing products. For this reason, various quality models have been defined, adopted and enhanced over the years, for example, the need for one recognised standard quality model (ISO/IEC 9126) is the result of a consensus for a software quality model on three levels: characteristics, sub-characteristics, and metrics. However, it is very much unlikely that this scheme will be directly applicable to ubiquitous computing environments which are considerably different to conventional software, trailing a big concern which is being given to reformulate existing methods, and especially to elaborate new assessment techniques for ubiquitous computing environments. This paper selects appropriate quality characteristics for the ubiquitous computing environment, which can be used as the quality target for both ubiquitous computing product evaluation processes ad development processes. Further, each of the quality characteristics has been expanded with evaluation questions and metrics, in some cases with measures. In addition, this quality model has been applied to the industrial setting of the ubiquitous computing environment. These have revealed that while the approach was sound, there are some parts to be more developed in the future

Modelling of Internet of Things (IoT) for Healthcare

Purpose: Information technology benefits the world, and it’s required for health care system, such as electronic medical records (EMR). We have proposed systematic model to study hoe IoT with 5g network has potential to benefit various healthcare services. For example, telemedicine may have some usage restrictions in rural areas and physicians may find it difficult to provide continuous monitoring to patients from such area. There are higher chances that the calls or video conferences getting significantly affected by poor networks and signals as well as non-compatible devices and patient may not get the treatment on time. 5G networking with IoT devices are believed to be the game changer for communication technology. The IoT model assists in attaining information by measuring its benefits through criteria which include 5G and IoT features along with a healthcare service requirement. Purpose of this paper is to present a model using Internet of Things (IoT) and 5G technology which will help to understand improved efficiency and efficacy of healthcare services. Our main research methodologies are literature review and modeling. The obtained results can be used for information technology applications in healthcare for various healthcare services and assist in increasing health quality in the healthcare industry.Method: Created a model to set the standard for incorporating 5G IoT devices health related technology and services. Reviewed through several models that serve as potential model to involve key factors that are unique certain healthcare services. We picked one model that can be easily incorporated in the system and can be revised to fit within the requirements using 5G IoT devices. Gathering of related literature served as a foundation in understanding the benefits of 5G IoT in the healthcare systems and parameters were pooled from it to revise the IoT model. Results: Incorporating 5G IoT features into a chosen model gave an overview of various determinants that can help understanding how IoT can influence any healthcare service and improve the quality of health. There are no rules and restrictions for use and utilization of this technology for health management yet in developing stage however, healthcare systems can rely on the 5G IoT devices for quality betterment. Conclusion: IoT with 5G has potential to improve healthcare management. The 5G world with an IoT will allow us to enter an era where real-time health services will become the part of the daily routine rather than the exception. However, further research needs to be done about its usage within any kind of specific health technology. Future research directions can utilize our model for other lesser known healthcare services

State of the art of audio- and video based solutions for AAL

Working Group 3. Audio- and Video-based AAL ApplicationsIt is a matter of fact that Europe is facing more and more crucial challenges regarding health and social care due to the demographic change and the current economic context. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has stressed this situation even further, thus highlighting the need for taking action. Active and Assisted Living (AAL) technologies come as a viable approach to help facing these challenges, thanks to the high potential they have in enabling remote care and support. Broadly speaking, AAL can be referred to as the use of innovative and advanced Information and Communication Technologies to create supportive, inclusive and empowering applications and environments that enable older, impaired or frail people to live independently and stay active longer in society. AAL capitalizes on the growing pervasiveness and effectiveness of sensing and computing facilities to supply the persons in need with smart assistance, by responding to their necessities of autonomy, independence, comfort, security and safety. The application scenarios addressed by AAL are complex, due to the inherent heterogeneity of the end-user population, their living arrangements, and their physical conditions or impairment. Despite aiming at diverse goals, AAL systems should share some common characteristics. They are designed to provide support in daily life in an invisible, unobtrusive and user-friendly manner. Moreover, they are conceived to be intelligent, to be able to learn and adapt to the requirements and requests of the assisted people, and to synchronise with their specific needs. Nevertheless, to ensure the uptake of AAL in society, potential users must be willing to use AAL applications and to integrate them in their daily environments and lives. In this respect, video- and audio-based AAL applications have several advantages, in terms of unobtrusiveness and information richness. Indeed, cameras and microphones are far less obtrusive with respect to the hindrance other wearable sensors may cause to one’s activities. In addition, a single camera placed in a room can record most of the activities performed in the room, thus replacing many other non-visual sensors. Currently, video-based applications are effective in recognising and monitoring the activities, the movements, and the overall conditions of the assisted individuals as well as to assess their vital parameters (e.g., heart rate, respiratory rate). Similarly, audio sensors have the potential to become one of the most important modalities for interaction with AAL systems, as they can have a large range of sensing, do not require physical presence at a particular location and are physically intangible. Moreover, relevant information about individuals’ activities and health status can derive from processing audio signals (e.g., speech recordings). Nevertheless, as the other side of the coin, cameras and microphones are often perceived as the most intrusive technologies from the viewpoint of the privacy of the monitored individuals. This is due to the richness of the information these technologies convey and the intimate setting where they may be deployed. Solutions able to ensure privacy preservation by context and by design, as well as to ensure high legal and ethical standards are in high demand. After the review of the current state of play and the discussion in GoodBrother, we may claim that the first solutions in this direction are starting to appear in the literature. A multidisciplinary 4 debate among experts and stakeholders is paving the way towards AAL ensuring ergonomics, usability, acceptance and privacy preservation. The DIANA, PAAL, and VisuAAL projects are examples of this fresh approach. This report provides the reader with a review of the most recent advances in audio- and video-based monitoring technologies for AAL. It has been drafted as a collective effort of WG3 to supply an introduction to AAL, its evolution over time and its main functional and technological underpinnings. In this respect, the report contributes to the field with the outline of a new generation of ethical-aware AAL technologies and a proposal for a novel comprehensive taxonomy of AAL systems and applications. Moreover, the report allows non-technical readers to gather an overview of the main components of an AAL system and how these function and interact with the end-users. The report illustrates the state of the art of the most successful AAL applications and functions based on audio and video data, namely (i) lifelogging and self-monitoring, (ii) remote monitoring of vital signs, (iii) emotional state recognition, (iv) food intake monitoring, activity and behaviour recognition, (v) activity and personal assistance, (vi) gesture recognition, (vii) fall detection and prevention, (viii) mobility assessment and frailty recognition, and (ix) cognitive and motor rehabilitation. For these application scenarios, the report illustrates the state of play in terms of scientific advances, available products and research project. The open challenges are also highlighted. The report ends with an overview of the challenges, the hindrances and the opportunities posed by the uptake in real world settings of AAL technologies. In this respect, the report illustrates the current procedural and technological approaches to cope with acceptability, usability and trust in the AAL technology, by surveying strategies and approaches to co-design, to privacy preservation in video and audio data, to transparency and explainability in data processing, and to data transmission and communication. User acceptance and ethical considerations are also debated. Finally, the potentials coming from the silver economy are overviewed.publishedVersio

Comprehensive study: machine learning approaches for COVID-19 diagnosis

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused a large number of death since has declared as an international pandemic in December 2019, and it is spreading all over the world (more than 200 countries). This situation puts the health organizations in an aberrant demand for urgent needs to develop significant early detection and monitoring smart solutions. Therefore, that new system or solution might be capable to identify COVID-19 quickly and accurately. Nowadays, the science of artificial intelligence (AI), and internet of things (IoT) techniques have an extensive range of applications, it can be initiated a possible solution for early detection and accurate decisions. We believe, combine both of the IoT revolution and machine learning (ML) methods are expected to reshape healthcare treatment strategies to provide smart (diagnosis, treatments, monitoring, and hospitals). This work aims to overview the recent solutions that have been used for early detection, and to provide the researchers a comprehensive summary that contribute to the pandemic control such AI, IoT, cloud, fog, algorithms, and all the dataset and their sources that recently published. In addition, all models, frameworks, monitoring systems, devices, and ideas (in four sections) have been sufficiently presented with all clarifications and justifications. Also, we propose a new vision for early detection based on IoT sensors data entry using 1 million patients-data to verify three proposed methods