1,300 research outputs found

    The application of impantable sensors in the musculoskeletal system: a review

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    As the population ages and the incidence of traumatic events rises, there is a growing trend toward the implantation of devices to replace damaged or degenerated tissues in the body. In orthopedic applications, some implants are equipped with sensors to measure internal data and monitor the status of the implant. In recent years, several multi-functional implants have been developed that the clinician can externally control using a smart device. Experts anticipate that these versatile implants could pave the way for the next-generation of technological advancements. This paper provides an introduction to implantable sensors and is structured into three parts. The first section categorizes existing implantable sensors based on their working principles and provides detailed illustrations with examples. The second section introduces the most common materials used in implantable sensors, divided into rigid and flexible materials according to their properties. The third section is the focal point of this article, with implantable orthopedic sensors being classified as joint, spine, or fracture, based on different practical scenarios. The aim of this review is to introduce various implantable orthopedic sensors, compare their different characteristics, and outline the future direction of their development and application

    Graduate Catalog of Studies, 2023-2024

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    Review of flexible energy harvesting for bioengineering in alignment with SDG

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    To cater to the extensive body movements and deformations necessitated by biomedical equipment flexible piezoelectrics emerge as a promising solution for energy harvesting. This review research delves into the potential of Flexible Piezoelectric Materials (FPM) as a sustainable solution for clean and affordable energy, aligning with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). By systematically examining the secondary functions of stretchability, hybrid energy harvesting, and self-healing, the study aims to comprehensively understand these materials' mechanisms, strategies, and relationships between structural characteristics and properties. The research highlights the significance of designing piezoelectric materials that can conform to the curvilinear shape of the human body, enabling sustainable and efficient mechanical energy capture for various applications, such as biosensors and actuators. The study identifies critical areas for future investigation, including the commercialization of stretchable piezoelectric systems, prevention of unintended interference in hybrid energy harvesters, development of consistent wearability metrics, and enhancement of the elastic piezoelectric material, electrode circuit, and substrate for improved stretchability and comfort. In conclusion, this review research offers valuable insights into developing and implementing FPM as a promising and innovative approach to harnessing clean, affordable energy in line with the SDGs.</p

    Review of flexible energy harvesting for bioengineering in alignment with SDG

    Get PDF
    To cater to the extensive body movements and deformations necessitated by biomedical equipment flexible piezoelectrics emerge as a promising solution for energy harvesting. This review research delves into the potential of Flexible Piezoelectric Materials (FPM) as a sustainable solution for clean and affordable energy, aligning with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). By systematically examining the secondary functions of stretchability, hybrid energy harvesting, and self-healing, the study aims to comprehensively understand these materials' mechanisms, strategies, and relationships between structural characteristics and properties. The research highlights the significance of designing piezoelectric materials that can conform to the curvilinear shape of the human body, enabling sustainable and efficient mechanical energy capture for various applications, such as biosensors and actuators. The study identifies critical areas for future investigation, including the commercialization of stretchable piezoelectric systems, prevention of unintended interference in hybrid energy harvesters, development of consistent wearability metrics, and enhancement of the elastic piezoelectric material, electrode circuit, and substrate for improved stretchability and comfort. In conclusion, this review research offers valuable insights into developing and implementing FPM as a promising and innovative approach to harnessing clean, affordable energy in line with the SDGs.</p

    Graduate Catalog of Studies, 2023-2024

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    Current status and future application of electrically controlled micro/nanorobots in biomedicine

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    Using micro/nanorobots (MNRs) for targeted therapy within the human body is an emerging research direction in biomedical science. These nanoscale to microscale miniature robots possess specificity and precision that are lacking in most traditional treatment modalities. Currently, research on electrically controlled micro/nanorobots is still in its early stages, with researchers primarily focusing on the fabrication and manipulation of these robots to meet complex clinical demands. This review aims to compare the fabrication, powering, and locomotion of various electrically controlled micro/nanorobots, and explore their advantages, disadvantages, and potential applications

    Silicon-Based Optical Sensors for Fungal Pathogen Diagnostics

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    The last years have witnessed a link between the COVID-19 pandemic with increasing numbers of vulnerable patients and globally emerging incidences of severe drug-resistant fungal infections, thus, calling for rapid, reliable, and sensitive diagnostic tools for fungal infections. However, despite strong warnings from health authorities, such as the World Health Organization, concerning the fatal consequences of the global spread of drug-resistant pathogenic fungi, progress in fungal infection diagnosis and therapy is still limited. Today, gold standard methods for revealing resistance and susceptibility in pathogenic fungi, namely antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST), require several days for completion, and thus this lengthy process can adversely affect antifungal therapy and further promote the spread of resistance. In this work, the use of photonic silicon chips consisting of micropatterned diffraction gratings as sensitive sensors for rapid AFST of clinically relevant fungal pathogens is investigated. These photonic chips provide a surface for the colonization of microbial pathogens at a liquid-solid interface and serve as the optical transducer element for label-free monitoring of fungal growth by detecting real-time changes in the white light reflectance. These sensor elements are used to track morphological changes of fungi in the presence of clinically relevant antifungals at varying concentrations to rapidly determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values that help to classify pathogens as resistant or susceptible. We show that by careful design of the chip dimensions, this optical method can extend from bacteria, through yeasts, to filamentous fungi for accelerated AFST, which is at least three times faster than current gold standard methods and can provide same-day results. Moreover, a 3D-printed microfluidic gradient generator was designed to complement the assay and provide an integrated system, which can potentially be employed in point-of-care settings. This gradient generator produces the two-fold dilution series of clinically relevant antimicrobials in an automated manner and is interfaced with the photonic silicon chips to include a complete, on-chip, label-free, and phenotypic assay. Using the bacterial species Escherichia coli and ciprofloxacin as a model pathogen-drug combination, MIC values can be expeditiously determined within 90 minutes compared to current clinical practices, which typically require up to 24 h for bacterial species

    Hormonal computing: a conceptual approach

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    This paper provides a conceptual roadmap for the use of hormonal bioinspired models in a broad range of AI, neuroengineering, or computational systems. The functional signaling nature of hormones provides an example of a reliable multidimensional information management system that can solve parallel multitasks. Two existing examples of hormonal computing bioinspired possibilities are shortly reviewed, and two novel approaches are introduced, with a special emphasis on what researchers propose as hormonal computing for neurorehabilitation in patients with complete spinal cord injuries. They extend the use of epidural electrical stimulation (EES) by applying sequential stimulations to limbs through prostheses. The prostheses include various limb models and are connected to a neurostimulation bus called the central pattern generator (CPG). The CPG bus utilizes hormonal computing principles to coordinate the stimulation of the spinal cord and muscles
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