Assessing and augmenting SCADA cyber security: a survey of techniques

SCADA systems monitor and control critical infrastructures of national importance such as power generation and distribution, water supply, transportation networks, and manufacturing facilities. The pervasiveness, miniaturisations and declining costs of internet connectivity have transformed these systems from strictly isolated to highly interconnected networks. The connectivity provides immense benefits such as reliability, scalability and remote connectivity, but at the same time exposes an otherwise isolated and secure system, to global cyber security threats. This inevitable transformation to highly connected systems thus necessitates effective security safeguards to be in place as any compromise or downtime of SCADA systems can have severe economic, safety and security ramifications. One way to ensure vital asset protection is to adopt a viewpoint similar to an attacker to determine weaknesses and loopholes in defences. Such mind sets help to identify and fix potential breaches before their exploitation. This paper surveys tools and techniques to uncover SCADA system vulnerabilities. A comprehensive review of the selected approaches is provided along with their applicability

A New Concept of Digital Twin Supporting Optimization and Resilience of Factories of the Future

In the context of Industry 4.0, a growing use is being made of simulation-based decision-support tools commonly named Digital Twins. Digital Twins are replicas of the physical manufacturing assets, providing means for the monitoring and control of individual assets. Although extensive research on Digital Twins and their applications has been carried out, the majority of existing approaches are asset specific. Little consideration is made of human factors and interdependencies between different production assets are commonly ignored. In this paper, we address those limitations and propose innovations for cognitive modeling and co-simulation which may unleash novel uses of Digital Twins in Factories of the Future. We introduce a holistic Digital Twin approach, in which the factory is not represented by a set of separated Digital Twins but by a comprehensive modeling and simulation capacity embracing the full manufacturing process including external network dependencies. Furthermore, we introduce novel approaches for integrating models of human behavior and capacities for security testing with Digital Twins and show how the holistic Digital Twin can enable new services for the optimization and resilience of Factories of the Future. To illustrate this approach, we introduce a specific use-case implemented in field of Aerospace System Manufacturing.The present work was developed under the EUREKA–ITEA3 Project CyberFactory#1 (ITEA-17032), co-funded by Project CyberFactory#1PT (ANI|P2020 40124), from FEDER Funds through NORTE2020 program and from National Funds through FCT under the project UID/EEA/00760/2019 and by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, Germany, funding No. 01IS18061C).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Model Based Systems Engineering for a Typical Smartgrid

The complexity and heterogeneity of today’s large Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) is addressed by model based design. This class of systems is a direct consequence of our entry into the new era of systems characterized by high complexity, increased software dependency, multifaceted support for networking and inclusion of data and services form global networks. Cyber-Physical Power Systems such as SmartGrids provide perfect example to emphasis heterogeneity and complexity of today’s systems. In this thesis we work towards augmenting the creation and demonstration of a framework for developing an integrated CPS modelling hub with powerful and diverse tradeoff analysis methods and tools for design exploration of CPS

A Problem-Oriented Approach for Dynamic Verification of Heterogeneous Embedded Systems

This work presents a virtual prototyping methodology for the design and verification of industrial devices in the field level of industrial automation systems. This work demonstrates that virtual prototypes can help increase the confidence in the correctness of a design thanks to a deeper understanding of the complex interactions between hardware, software, analog and mixed-signal components of embedded systems and the physical processes they interact with

Proceedings of the 4th Workshop of the MPM4CPS COST Action

Proceedings of the 4th Workshop of the MPM4CPS COST Action with the presentations delivered during the workshop and papers with extended versions of some of them

TIMESLOT INTEROPERABILITY BETWEEN COMMUNICATING PLATFORMS

A method is disclosed of assessing timeslot interoperability between a first platform and a second platform communicating over a Time Division Multiple Access network. An exemplary method includes obtaining data representing a metamodel of communication characteristics of the first platform and the second platform, the metamodel including information regarding at least transmit timeslots for the first platform, and information regarding at least receive timeslots for the second platform. The method can be queried to assess interoperability between the transmit timeslots and the receive timeslots, for outputting timeslot interoperability databased on a result of the querying

Aproximación metodológica a la implantación del gemelo digital en buques

Programa Oficial de Doutoramento en Enxeñaría Naval e Industrial . 5015V01[Resumen] En el camino de la transformación del sector marítimo hacia lo que se ha denominado Industria 4.0 se puede identificar un elemento clave: el gemelo digital. Un gemelo digital es un modelo virtual de un producto o un proceso, con el cual mantiene un constante intercambio de información y que le permite replicar el comportamiento del sistema real, adaptarse a los cambios, y proponer mejoras en él. El gemelo digital del buque conforma un entorno digital que aglutinará toda la información existente (tanto de diseño como de operación) y la dotará de coherencia y estructura para conformar un conjunto con capacidades superiores a la agregación de cada parte individual. En esta tesis doctoral se propone una metodología para el desarrollo e implantación del gemelo digital del buque. Se propondrá la aplicación práctica a sistemas reales del buque, abordando aspectos como: la adquisición de datos desde el sistema real, el desarrollo de modelos de simulación de los sistemas o el uso de algoritmos basados en inteligencia artificial que permitan avanzar en el camino hacia un gemelo digital inteligente.[Resumo] No camiño da transformación dixital do sector marítimo cara o que se denominou como Industria 4.0 pódese identificar un elemento chave: o xemelgo dixital. Un xemelgo dixital é un modelo virtual dun produto ou dun proceso, co cal mantén un constante intercambio de información e que permite replicar o comportamento do sistema real, adaptarse aos cambios e propor melloras nel. O xemelgo dixital do buque conforma un entorno dixital que reúne toda a información existente (tanto de deseño coma de operación) e dótaa de coherencia e estrutura para conformar un conxunto con capacidades superiores á agregación de cada unha das partes de xeito individual. Nesta tese de doutoramento proponse unha metodoloxía para o desenvolvemento e a implantación do xemelgo dixital do buque. Proporase a aplicación práctica a sistemas reais do buque, abordando aspectos como: a adquisición de datos dende o sistema físico, o desenvolvemento de modelos de simulación dos sistemas ou o uso de algoritmos baseados en intelixencia artificial que permitan avanzar no camiño cara un xemelgo dixital intelixente.[Abstract] On the path of transformation of the maritime sector towards Industry 4.0, a key element can be identified: the digital twin. A digital twin is a virtual model of a product or a process. The virtual model maintains a constant exchange of information with the real asset and allows the model to replicate the behavior of the real system, adapt to changes, and propose improvements to it. The digital twin of a ship creates a digital environment that will bring together all the existing information (both design and operation) and will provide it with coherence and structure to set up greater capabilities than the aggregation of each individual part. The main goal of this thesis is to propose a methodology for the development and implementation of the digital twin of a ship. A practical application to real ship systems will be proposed, addressing aspects such as: data acquisition from the real system, development of simulation models and the use of algorithms based on artificial intelligence that allow new improvements in the path to a smart digital twin

Twin of robotic arms: application for predictive maintenance

Máster en Internet de las Cosas, Facultad de Informática UCM, Departamento de Arquitectura de Computadores y Automática, Curso 2019/2020.La evolución de la industria y la integración de robots a los procesos industriales ha marcado la cuarta revolución industrial denominada Industry 4.0. La integración de nuevas tecnologías a los procesos industriales como el Internet of Things (IoT) permite la interconexión de dispositivos, mejor monitoreo y análisis del estado actual de cada una de las partes del proceso, lo que da paso a la implementación de Digital Twins (DT). Un DT es una representación del estado actual y/o comportamiento de un dispositivo o sistema. En los procesos industriales el mantenimiento de los equipos es una de las partes fundamentales, ya que una parada de producción no deseada representa grandes pérdidas de dinero, es por esto por lo que es de suma importancia saber cuándo un equipo está funcionando mal para realizar un mantenimiento. Esto se consigue con el mantenimiento predictivo, que permite tomar decisiones del proceso gracias a los datos generados del DT y aplicando técnicas de Inteligencia Artificial. En el presente proyecto se realiza un DT con el fin de realizar mantenimiento predictivo para evitar paradas de planta no deseadas y pérdidas de equipos. La adquisición de datos se lo realiza por BLE desde un nodo sensor genérico y se envía mediante MQTT a un servidor, donde se almacena todos los datos en MongoDB. Para la visualización de la información y del estado actual del sistema se desarrolló un dashboard en Ignition, un software SCADA, que se ocupa a nivel industrial.The evolution of the industry and the integration of robots into industrial processes has marked the fourth industrial revolution called Industry 4.0. The integration of new technologies to industrial processes, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), allows the interconnection of devices, better monitoring, and analysis of the current status of each of the parts of the process. This leads to the implementation of Digital Twins (DT), which is a representation of the current state and/or behavior of a device or system. In industrial processes, equipment maintenance is one of the fundamental parts because an unwanted stop production represents large losses of money. This is the reason which why it is very important to know when equipment is malfunctioning to carry out a maintenance. This is achieved with predictive maintenance, which allows to make decisions made in the process thanks to the data generated from the DT and the application of Artificial Intelligence techniques. In this project, a DT is carried out in order to perform predictive maintenance for avoiding unwanted plant shutdowns and equipment losses. Data acquisition is done by BLE from a generic sensor node and sent via MQTT to a server, where all the data is stored in MongoDB. To display the information and the current state of the system, a dashboard was developed in Ignition, a SCADA software, which is used at the industrial level.Depto. de Arquitectura de Computadores y AutomáticaFac. de InformáticaTRUEunpu