382 research outputs found

    Finding relational redescriptions

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    We introduce relational redescription mining, that is, the task of finding two structurally different patterns that describe nearly the same set of object pairs in a relational dataset. By extending redescription mining beyond propositional and real-valued attributes, it provides a powerful tool to match different relational descriptions of the same concept. We propose an alternating scheme for solving this problem. Its core consists of a novel relational query miner that efficiently identifies discriminative connection patterns between pairs of objects. Compared to a baseline Inductive Logic Programming (ILP) approach, our query miner is able to mine more complex queries, much faster. We performed extensive experiments on three real world relational datasets, and present examples of redescriptions found, exhibiting the power of the method to expressively capture relations present in these networks

    Compositional Mining of Multi-Relational Biological Datasets

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    High-throughput biological screens are yielding ever-growing streams of information about multiple aspects of cellular activity. As more and more categories of datasets come online, there is a corresponding multitude of ways in which inferences can be chained across them, motivating the need for compositional data mining algorithms. In this paper, we argue that such compositional data mining can be effectively realized by functionally cascading redescription mining and biclustering algorithms as primitives. Both these primitives mirror shifts of vocabulary that can be composed in arbitrary ways to create rich chains of inferences. Given a relational database and its schema, we show how the schema can be automatically compiled into a compositional data mining program, and how different domains in the schema can be related through logical sequences of biclustering and redescription invocations. This feature allows us to rapidly prototype new data mining applications, yielding greater understanding of scientific datasets. We describe two applications of compositional data mining: (i) matching terms across categories of the Gene Ontology and (ii) understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying stress response in human cells

    Menetelmiä jälleenkuvausten louhintaan

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    In scientific investigations data oftentimes have different nature. For instance, they might originate from distinct sources or be cast over separate terminologies. In order to gain insight into the phenomenon of interest, a natural task is to identify the correspondences that exist between these different aspects. This is the motivating idea of redescription mining, the data analysis task studied in this thesis. Redescription mining aims to find distinct common characterizations of the same objects and, vice versa, to identify sets of objects that admit multiple shared descriptions. A practical example in biology consists in finding geographical areas that admit two characterizations, one in terms of their climatic profile and one in terms of the occupying species. Discovering such redescriptions can contribute to better our understanding of the influence of climate over species distribution. Besides biology, applications of redescription mining can be envisaged in medicine or sociology, among other fields. Previously, redescription mining was restricted to propositional queries over Boolean attributes. However, many conditions, like aforementioned climate, cannot be expressed naturally in this limited formalism. In this thesis, we consider more general query languages and propose algorithms to find the corresponding redescriptions, making the task relevant to a broader range of domains and problems. Specifically, we start by extending redescription mining to non-Boolean attributes. In other words, we propose an algorithm to handle nominal and real-valued attributes natively. We then extend redescription mining to the relational setting, where the aim is to find corresponding connection patterns that relate almost the same object tuples in a network. We also study approaches for selecting high quality redescriptions to be output by the mining process. The first approach relies on an interface for mining and visualizing redescriptions interactively and allows the analyst to tailor the selection of results to meet his needs. The second approach, rooted in information theory, is a compression-based method for mining small sets of associations from two-view datasets. In summary, we take redescription mining outside the Boolean world and show its potential as a powerful exploratory method relevant in a broad range of domains.Tieteellinen tutkimusaineisto kootaan usein eri termistöä käyttävistä lähteistä. Näiden erilaisten näkökulmienvälisten vastaavuuksien ja yhteyksien tunnistaminen on luonnollinen tapa lähestyä tutkittavaa ilmiötä. Väitöskirjassa tarkastellaan juuri tähän pyrkivää data-analyysimenetelmää, jälleenkuvausten louhintaa (redescription mining). Jälleenkuvausten tavoitteena on yhtäältä kuvata samaa asiaa vaihoehtoisilla tavoilla ja toisaalta tunnistaa sellaiset asiat, joilla on useita eri kuvauksia. Jälleenkuvausten louhinnalla on mahdollisia sovelluksia mm. biologiassa, lääketieteessä ja sosiologiassa. Biologiassa voidaan esimerkiksi etsiä sellaisia maantieteellisiä alueita, joita voidaan luonnehtia kahdella vaihtoehtoisella tavalla: joko kuvaamalla alueen ilmasto tai kuvaamalla alueella elävät lajit. Esimerkiksi Skandinaviassa ja Baltiassa on ensinnäkin samankaltaiset lämpötila- ja sadeolosuhteet ja toisekseen hirvi on yhteinen laji molemmilla alueilla. Tällaisten jälleenkuvausten löytäminen voi auttaa ymmärtämään ilmaston vaikutuksia lajien levinneisyyteen. Lääketieteessä taas jälleenkuvauksilla voidaan löytää potilaiden taustatietojen sekä heidän oireidensa ja diagnoosiensa välisiä yhteyksiä, joiden avulla taas voidaan mahdollisesti paremmin ymmärtää itse sairauksia. Aiemmin jälleenkuvausten louhinnassa on rajoituttu tarkastelemaan totuusarvoisia muuttujia sekä propositionaalisia kuvauksia. Monia asioita, esimerkiksi ilmastotyyppiä, ei kuitenkaan voi luontevasti kuvata tällaisilla rajoittuneilla formalismeilla. Väitöskirjatyössä laajennetaankin jälleenkuvausten käytettävyyttä. Työssä esitetään ensimmäinen algoritmi jälleenkuvausten löytämiseen aineistoista, joissa attribuutit ovat reaalilukuarvoisia ja käsitellään ensimmäistä kertaa jälleenkuvausten etsintää relationaalisista aineistoista, joissa asiat viittaavat toisiinsa. Lisäksi väitöskirjassa tarkastellaan menetelmiä, joilla jälleenkuvausten joukosta voidaan valita kaikkein laadukkaimmat. Näihin menetelmiin kuuluvat sekä interaktiivinen käyttöliittymä jälleenkuvausten louhintaan ja visualisointiin, että informaatioteoriaan perustuvaa parametriton menetelmä parhaiden kuvausten valitsemiseksi. Kokonaisuutena väitöskirjatyössä siis laajennetaan jälleenkuvausten louhintaa totuusarvoisista muuttujista myös muunlaisten aineistojen käsittelyyn sekä osoitetaan menetelmän mahdollisuuksia monenlaisilla sovellusalueilla.Méthodes pour la fouille de redescriptions Lors de l'analyse scientifique d'un phénomène, les données disponibles sont souvent de différentes natures. Entre autres, elles peuvent provenir de différentes sources ou utiliser différentes terminologies. Découvrir des correspondances entre ces différents aspects fournit un moyen naturel de mieux comprendre le phénomène à l'étude. C'est l'idée directrice de la fouille de redescriptions (redescription mining), la méthode d'analyse de données étudiée dans cette thèse. La fouille de redescriptions a pour but de trouver diverses manières de décrire les même choses et vice versa, de trouver des choses qui ont plusieurs descriptions en commun. Un exemple en biologie consiste à déterminer des zones géographiques qui peuvent être caractérisées de deux manières, en terme de leurs conditions climatiques d'une part, et en terme des espèces animales qui y vivent d'autre part. Les régions européennes de la Scandinavie et de la Baltique, par exemple, ont des conditions de températures et de précipitations similaires et l'élan est une espèce commune aux deux régions. Identifier de telles redescriptions peut potentiellement aider à élucider l'influence du climat sur la distribution des espèces animales. Pour prendre un autre exemple, la fouille de redescriptions pourrait être appliquée en médecine, pour mettre en relation les antécédents des patients, leurs symptômes et leur diagnostic, dans le but d'améliorer notre compréhension des maladies. Auparavant, la fouille de redescriptions n'utilisait que des requêtes propositionnelles à variables booléennes. Cependant, de nombreuses conditions, telles que le climat cité ci-dessus, ne peuvent être exprimées dans ce formalisme restreint. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons un algorithme pour construire directement des redescriptions avec des variables réelles. Nous introduisons ensuite des redescriptions mettant en jeu des liens entre les objets, c'est à dire basées sur des requêtes relationnelles. Nous étudions aussi des approches pour sélectionner des redescriptions de qualité, soit en utilisant une interface permettant la fouille et la visualisation interactives des redescriptions, soit via une méthode sans paramètres motivée par des principes de la théorie de l'information. En résumé, nous étendons la fouille de redescriptions hors du monde booléen et montrons qu'elle constitue une méthode d'exploration de données puissante et pertinente dans une large variété de domaines

    A practice-based perspective of discursive change in collegial conversations. Explicit and implicit communication at work.

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    This paper examines the relationship between explicit and implicit aspects of communication at work and especially how discursive change is enabled in that relationship. The studied context is collegial conversations in Swedish School-age Educare settings. The purpose is to elaborate on practice-based perspectives on reproducing and changing discourse in communication at work, contributing to productive teacher discourse. This paper proposes two aspects contributing to reproduction of discourse: shallow consensus and intersubjectivity; and two aspects enabling discursive change in collegial conversations at work: multivoicing and revisiting events. Identified aspects of (re)production in collegial conversation shows positioning and constructions of group belonging in work teams are important to make conversations productive. This paper contributes to elaboration on the literature of collegial discourse and communication and literature on team-based work

    SQL Query Completion for Data Exploration

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    Within the big data tsunami, relational databases and SQL are still there and remain mandatory in most of cases for accessing data. On the one hand, SQL is easy-to-use by non specialists and allows to identify pertinent initial data at the very beginning of the data exploration process. On the other hand, it is not always so easy to formulate SQL queries: nowadays, it is more and more frequent to have several databases available for one application domain, some of them with hundreds of tables and/or attributes. Identifying the pertinent conditions to select the desired data, or even identifying relevant attributes is far from trivial. To make it easier to write SQL queries, we propose the notion of SQL query completion: given a query, it suggests additional conditions to be added to its WHERE clause. This completion is semantic, as it relies on the data from the database, unlike current completion tools that are mostly syntactic. Since the process can be repeated over and over again -- until the data analyst reaches her data of interest --, SQL query completion facilitates the exploration of databases. SQL query completion has been implemented in a SQL editor on top of a database management system. For the evaluation, two questions need to be studied: first, does the completion speed up the writing of SQL queries? Second , is the completion easily adopted by users? A thorough experiment has been conducted on a group of 70 computer science students divided in two groups (one with the completion and the other one without) to answer those questions. The results are positive and very promising

    From Sets of Good Redescriptions to Good Sets of Redescriptions

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    International audienceRedescription mining aims at finding pairs of queries over data variables that describe roughly the same set of observations. These redescriptions can be used to obtain different views on the same set of entities. So far, redescription mining methods have aimed at listing all redescriptions supported by the data. Such an approach can result in many redundant redescriptions and hinder the user's ability to understand the overall characteristics of the data. In this work, we present an approach to find a good set of redescriptions, instead of finding a set of good redescriptions. That is, we present a way to remove the redundant redescriptions from a given set of redescriptions. We measure the redundancy using a framework inspired by the subjective interestingness based on maximum-entropy distributions as proposed by De Bie in 2011. Redescriptions, however, raise their unique requirements on the framework, and our solution differs significantly from the existing ones. Notably, our approach can handle disjunctions and conjunctions in the queries, whereas the existing approaches are limited only to conjunctive queries. The framework also reduces the redundancy in the redescription mining results, as we show in our empirical evaluation
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