Digital television applications

Studying development of interactive services for digital television is a leading edge area of work as there is minimal research or precedent to guide their design. Published research is limited and therefore this thesis aims at establishing a set of computing methods using Java and XML technology for future set-top box interactive services. The main issues include middleware architecture, a Java user interface for digital television, content representation and return channel communications. The middleware architecture used was made up of an Application Manager, Application Programming Interface (API), a Java Virtual Machine, etc., which were arranged in a layered model to ensure the interoperability. The application manager was designed to control the lifecycle of Xlets; manage set-top box resources and remote control keys and to adapt the graphical device environment. The architecture of both application manager and Xlet forms the basic framework for running multiple interactive services simultaneously in future set-top box designs. User interface development is more complex for this type of platform (when compared to that for a desktop computer) as many constraints are set on the look and feel (e.g., TV-like and limited buttons). Various aspects of Java user interfaces were studied and my research in this area focused on creating a remote control event model and lightweight drawing components using the Java Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT) and Java Media Framework (JMF) together with Extensible Markup Language (XML). Applications were designed aimed at studying the data structure and efficiency of the XML language to define interactive content. Content parsing was designed as a lightweight software module based around two parsers (i.e., SAX parsing and DOM parsing). The still content (i.e., text, images, and graphics) and dynamic content (i.e., hyperlinked text, animations, and forms) can then be modeled and processed efficiently. This thesis also studies interactivity methods using Java APIs via a return channel. Various communication models are also discussed that meet the interactivity requirements for different interactive services. They include URL, Socket, Datagram, and SOAP models which applications can choose to use in order to establish a connection with the service or broadcaster in order to transfer data. This thesis is presented in two parts: The first section gives a general summary of the research and acts as a complement to the second section, which contains a series of related publications.reviewe

Audiovisual Translation: Subtitling Netflix documentary â Black Hole Apocalypseâ

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Subtitles for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing : immersion through creative language [the Stranger Things case]

L'objectiu d'aquest estudi és explorar les característiques lingüístiques dels Subtítols per a Persones Sordes i amb Discapacitat Auditiva (SPS), posant un especial èmfasi en la seva creativitat. Concretament, busquem determinar com la creativitat lingüística dels SPS que descriuen música i efectes de so pot afectar l'experiència de gaudi. Per aconseguir aquest propòsit, hem classificat els SPS dels efectes de so i la música del darrer episodi de la sèrie de Netflix Stranger Things, titulat "The Piggyback", segons la taxonomia proposada per Tsaousi (2015), tenint en compte la seva funció exegètica, narrativa, contextual i emotiva. Amb aquest anàlisi, pretenem identificar patrons que puguin establir una relació entre la descripció creativa i la immersió, tenint en compte els comentaris del públic a les xarxes socials i les expectatives de les noves audiències. En última instància, el nostre objectiu final és abordar els SPS des d'una nova perspectiva, explorant les seves possibilitats creatives a nivell lingüístic i demostrant com això es tradueix en un major gaudi i una experiència més immersiva.El objetivo de este estudio es explorar las características lingüísticas de los Subtítulos para Personas Sordas y con Discapacidad Auditiva (SPS), poniendo un especial enfoque en su creatividad. En concreto, buscamos determinar cómo la creatividad lingüística de los SPS que describen música y efectos de sonido puede afectar la experiencia de disfrute. Para lograr este propósito, hemos clasificado los SPS de los efectos de sonido y las músicas del último episodio de la serie de Netflix Stranger Things, titulado "The Piggyback", según la taxonomía propuesta por Tsaousi (2015), teniendo en cuenta su función exegética, narrativa, contextual y emotiva. Con este análisis, pretendemos identificar patrones que puedan establecer una relación entre la descripción creativa y la inmersión, teniendo en cuenta los comentarios del público en las redes sociales y las expectativas de las nuevas audiencias. En última instancia, nuestro objetivo final es abordar los SPS desde una nueva perspectiva, explorando sus posibilidades creativas a nivel lingüístico y demostrando cómo ello se traduce en un mayor disfrute y una experiencia más inmersiva.The objective of this study is to explore the linguistic characteristics of Subtitles for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing (SDH) with a focus on its creativity. Specifically, the study aims to ascertain how the use of linguistic creativity in the description of music and sound effects affects enjoyment. To accomplish this objective, the ensemble of all sound and music descriptors from the final episode of the Netflix show Stranger Things, "The Piggyback", were classified based on Tsaousi's taxonomy according to their exegetic, narrative, contextual, and emotive functions. This analysis aims to identify possible patterns that could establish a relationship between creative description and immersion while taking into account the feedback provided by the audience through social media and the expectations of the new public. The ultimate objective of this research is to approach SDH from a new angle by exploring the possibilities of linguistic creativity and demonstrating how they result in a more immersive and enjoyable experience

The films of Pedro Almodóvar: translation and reception in the United States

390 p.Análisis de las estrategias seguidas por los traductores audiovisuales de las películas de Pedro Almodóvar comercializadas en los Estados Unidos y estudio de la recepción de su cine por una audiencia estadounidens

Analysis of the spanish subtitling of the british television show "Skins": evaluation and alternative translation

This dissertation encompasses a descriptive and analytical evaluation of the quality of the subtitle translation to Spanish of the British television show Skins. The dissertation presents a translation analysis heavily focused on cultural aspects, between the original English version of the show and the proposed Spanish subtitles, which details the adequate and inadequate elements of the subtitles. In addition, an alternative version of the subtitled television show will be produced in order to tie in the theoretical aspect of this dissertation with the practical application that it has. The theoretical framework is composed of linguistic and translation aspects which include cultural, communicative and non-verbal dimensions, as well as various theories for evaluating translation. This project seeks to apply analytical methods that complement each other to carry out an evaluation considering the inadequacies or errors in the translator’s thought process in order to provide a critical assessment of the translation. The assessment presented in the theoretical framework will be a tool for the analysis and proposal of an alternative translation. The practical aspect of this project will emphasize and highlight the need of systematic and analytical thought processes before and after carrying out any type of translation work

The Art of Subtitling: A case study of a Chinese online fansub group

Online fan subtitling (hereafter fansub) groups are a recent phenomenon that have quickly gained global popularity. They are groups of volunteers who produce and distribute subtitles of English televisions shows and films for free. However, to date not much academic attention has been paid to this phenomenon in a critical capacity, with the exception of anime fansubbing. This study closely examines one fansub group in China using a single-case design case study. The methods of data collection include: in-depth interviews with the translators; participant observation as a subtitle translator; and textual/discourse analysis of the subtitles. This study will use the British Cultural Study as its primary theoretical lens to explore the various ways in which the fansub group acts as resistance to the dominant discourse. By taking this approach, this paper hopes to expand the field of critical cultural studies by looking at the roles of the producers in mediating discourse, as well as fandom studies, by presenting a case of global fandom online

A Holistic Approach to Non-Professional Subtitling from a Functional Quality Perspective

This article studies non-professional subtitling (NPS) within a holistic framework combining Chesterman’s propositions of functional quality and expectancy norms. NPS communities emerged due to discomfort among users regarding translated audiovisual products. The assessment of the production and reception conditions of NPS through a review of studies reveals that quality is relevant on both sides. On the production side, non-professional subtitlers have defined procedures aiming at ensuring the quality of the subtitles. On the reception side, users have developed a conscious approach to select the subtitles they want to use. For users, access and speed in the release of the subtitles are key when choosing subtitles. Results indicate that NPS fulfills the users’ expectations because the communities are geared towards producing subtitles that address the users’ needs. This article calls for further exploration of NPS settings to expand the notions of quality and translation under the current conditions