Auralization of Air Vehicle Noise for Community Noise Assessment

This paper serves as an introduction to air vehicle noise auralization and documents the current state-of-the-art. Auralization of flyover noise considers the source, path, and receiver as part of a time marching simulation. Two approaches are offered; a time domain approach performs synthesis followed by propagation, while a frequency domain approach performs propagation followed by synthesis. Source noise description methods are offered for isolated and installed propulsion system and airframe noise sources for a wide range of air vehicles. Methods for synthesis of broadband, discrete tones, steady and unsteady periodic, and a periodic sources are presented, and propagation methods and receiver considerations are discussed. Auralizations applied to vehicles ranging from large transport aircraft to small unmanned aerial systems demonstrate current capabilities

Southwest Research Institute assistance to NASA in biomedical areas of the technology

Significant applications of aerospace technology were achieved. These applications include: a miniaturized, noninvasive system to telemeter electrocardiographic signals of heart transplant patients during their recuperative period as graded situations are introduced; and economical vital signs monitor for use in nursing homes and rehabilitation hospitals to indicate the onset of respiratory arrest; an implantable telemetry system to indicate the onset of the rejection phenomenon in animals undergoing cardiac transplants; an exceptionally accurate current proportional temperature controller for pollution studies; an automatic, atraumatic blood pressure measurement device; materials for protecting burned areas in contact with joint bender splints; a detector to signal the passage of animals by a given point during ecology studies; and special cushioning for use with below-knee amputees to protect the integrity of the skin at the stump/prosthesis interface

Understanding and improving methods for exterior sound quality evaluation of hybrid and electric vehicles

Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles [(H)EVs] are harder for pedestrians to hear when moving at speeds below 20 kph. Laws require (H)EVs to emit additional exterior sounds to alert pedestrians of the vehicles’ approach to prevent potential collisions. These sounds will also influence pedestrians’ impression of the vehicle brand. Current methods for evaluating (H)EV exterior sounds focus on “pedestrians’ safety” but overlook its influence on “vehicle brand”, and do not balance experimental control, correct context along with external and ecological validity. This research addresses the question: “How should (H)EV exterior sounds be evaluated?” The research proposes an experimental methodology for evaluating (H)EV exterior sounds that assesses pedestrians’ safety and influence on the vehicle brand by measuring a listener’s detection rate and sound quality evaluation of the (H)EV in a Virtual Environment (VE). This methodology was tested, improved and validated through three experimental studies based on their findings. Study 1 examined the fidelity of the VE setup used for experiments. The VE was immersive with sufficient degree of involvement/control, naturalness, resolution, and interface quality. It also explored a new interactive way of evaluating (H)EV sounds where participants freely navigate the VE and interact with vehicles more naturally. This interactivity increased the experiments’ ecological validity but reduced reliability and quadrupled the experiment duration compared to using a predefined scenario (non-interactive mode). Thus, a predefined scenario is preferred. Study 2 tested the non-interactive mode of the proposed methodology. Manipulating the target vehicle’s manoeuvre by varying factors, namely the vehicle’s “arrival time”, “approach direction” and “distance of travel”, across the experiment conditions increased ecological validity. This allowed participants to think, respond and pay similar attention as a real world pedestrian. These factors are neglected by existing methodologies, but were found to affect the participants’ detection rate and impression of the vehicle brand. Participants detected the vehicle more than once due to confusion with real world ambient sounds. In the real world, pedestrians continuously detect a vehicle in presence of non-vehicular ambient sounds. Therefore, recommendations to improve the representation of the real-world processes in the vehicle detection during listening experiments include an option to re-detect a vehicle and subjective evaluation of ‘detectability’ of the vehicle sounds. The improved methodology adds ‘detectability’ and ‘recognisability’ of (H)EV sounds as measures and (H)EV’s arrival time as an independent variable. External validity of VEs is a highly debated yet unanswered topic. Study 3 tested external validity of the improved methodology. The methodology accurately predicted participants’ real world evaluations of the detectability of (H)EV sounds, ranked order of the recognisability of (H)EV sounds and their impressions about the vehicle brand. The vehicle’s arrival time affected participants’ detection rate and was reaffirmed as a key element in the methodologies for vehicle sounds’ detection. The final methodological guidelines can help transportation researchers, automotive engineers and legislators determine how pedestrians will respond to the new (H)EV sounds

Transportation noise pollution - Control and abatement

Control and abatement of transportation noise pollutio

Applications of aerospace technology in the public sector

Current activities of the program to accelerate specific applications of space related technology in major public sector problem areas are summarized for the period 1 June 1971 through 30 November 1971. An overview of NASA technology, technology applications, and supporting activities are presented. Specific technology applications in biomedicine are reported including cancer detection, treatment and research; cardiovascular diseases, diagnosis, and treatment; medical instrumentation; kidney function disorders, treatment, and research; and rehabilitation medicine

Electrophysiologic assessment of (central) auditory processing disorder in children with non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate

Session 5aPP - Psychological and Physiological Acoustics: Auditory Function, Mechanisms, and Models (Poster Session)Cleft of the lip and/or palate is a common congenital craniofacial malformation worldwide, particularly non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P). Though middle ear deficits in this population have been universally noted in numerous studies, other auditory problems including inner ear deficits or cortical dysfunction are rarely reported. A higher prevalence of educational problems has been noted in children with NSCL/P compared to craniofacially normal children. These high level cognitive difficulties cannot be entirely attributed to peripheral hearing loss. Recently it has been suggested that children with NSCLP may be more prone to abnormalities in the auditory cortex. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether school age children with (NSCL/P) have a higher prevalence of indications of (central) auditory processing disorder [(C)APD] compared to normal age matched controls when assessed using auditory event-related potential (ERP) techniques. School children (6 to 15 years) with NSCL/P and normal controls with matched age and gender were recruited. Auditory ERP recordings included auditory brainstem response and late event-related potentials, including the P1-N1-P2 complex and P300 waveforms. Initial findings from the present study are presented and their implications for further research in this area —and clinical intervention—are outlined. © 2012 Acoustical Society of Americapublished_or_final_versio

Aerospace Medicine and Biology: A continuing bibliography with indexes, supplement 182, July 1978

This bibliography lists 165 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in June 1978

A pilot study of human response to general aviation aircraft noise

A pilot study, conducted to evaluate procedures for measuring the noise impact and community response to general aviation aircraft around Torrance Municipal Airport, a typical large GA airport, employed Torrance Airport's computer-based aircraft noise monitoring system, which includes nine permanent monitor stations surrounding the airport. Some 18 residences near these monitor stations were equipped with digital noise level recorders to measure indoor noise levels. Residents were instructed to fill out annoyance diaries for periods of 5-6 days, logging the time of each annoying aircraft overflight noise event and judging its degree of annoyance on a seven-point scale. Among the noise metrics studied, the differential between outdoor maximum A-weighted noise level of the aircraft and the outdoor background level showed the best correlation with annoyance; this correlation was clearly seen at only high noise levels, And was only slightly better than that using outdoor aircraft noise level alone. The results indicate that, on a national basis, a telephone survey coupled with outdoor noise measurements would provide an efficient and practical means of assessing the noise impact of general aviation aircraft