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Factors of Emotion and Affect in Designing Interactive Virtual Characters
The Arts: 1st Place (The Ohio State University Edward F. Hayes Graduate Research Forum)This paper represents a review of literature concerning factors of affective interactive virtual character design. Affect and it's related concepts are defined followed by a detail of work being conducted in relevant areas such as design, animation, robotics. The intent of this review as to inform the author on overlapping concepts in fields related to affective design in order to apply these concepts interactive character development.A three-year embargo was granted for this item
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Όλ¬Έ (μμ¬) -- μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ : μ¬νκ³Όνλν μ¬λ¦¬νκ³Ό, 2021. 2. Sowon Hahn.The present study investigated the role of robotsβ body language on perceptions of social qualities and human-likeness in robots. In experiment 1, videos of a robotβs body language varying in expansiveness were used to evaluate the two aspects. In experiment 2, videos of social interactions containing the body languages in experiment 1 were used to further examine the effects of robotsβ body language on these aspects. Results suggest that a robot conveying open body language are evaluated higher on perceptions of social characteristics and human-likeness compared to a robot with closed body language. These effects were not found in videos of social interactions (experiment 2), which suggests that other features play significant roles in evaluations of a robot. Nonetheless, current research provides evidence of the importance of robotsβ body language in judgments of social characteristics and human-likeness. While measures of social qualities and human-likeness favor robots that convey open body language, post-experiment interviews revealed that participants expect robots to alleviate feelings of loneliness and empathize with them, which require more diverse body language in addition to open body language. Thus, robotic designers are encouraged to develop robots capable of expressing a wider range of motion. By enabling complex movements, more natural communications between humans and robots are possible, which allows humans to consider robots as social partners.λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬λ λ‘λ΄μ μ 체 μΈμ΄κ° μ¬νμ νΉμ±κ³Ό μΈκ°κ³Όμ μ μ¬μ±μ λν μΈκ°μ μΈμμ λ―ΈμΉλ μν₯μ νμνμλ€. μ€ν 1μμλ λ‘λ΄μ κ°λ°©μ μ 체 μΈμ΄κ° λ¬μ¬λ μμκ³Ό νμμ μ 체 μΈμ΄κ° λ¬μ¬λ μμμ ν΅ν΄ μ΄λ¬ν μΈ κ°μ§ μΈ‘λ©΄μ μ΄ν΄λ³΄μλ€. μ€ν 2μμλ μ€ν 1μ μ 체 μΈμ΄κ° ν¬ν¨λ λ‘λ΄κ³Ό μ¬λ κ°μ μνΈμμ© μμμ νμ©νμ¬ λ‘λ΄μ μ 체 μΈμ΄κ° μ λ κ°μ§ μΈ‘λ©΄μ λ―ΈμΉλ μν₯μ νμνμλ€. κ²°κ³Όμ μΌλ‘, μ¬λλ€μ νμμ μ 체 μΈμ΄λ₯Ό νννλ λ‘λ΄μ λΉν΄ κ°λ°©μ μ 체 μΈμ΄λ₯Ό νννλ λ‘λ΄μ μ¬νμ νΉμ±κ³Ό μΈκ°κ³Όμ μ μ¬μ±μ λν μΈμ λ©΄μμ λ λκ² νκ°νλ€λ κ²μ νμΈνμλ€. κ·Έλ¬λ μ¬λκ³Όμ μνΈμμ©μ λ΄μ μμμ ν΅ν΄μλ μ΄λ¬ν ν¨κ³Όκ° λ°κ²¬λμ§ μμμΌλ©°, μ΄λ μ€ν 2μ ν¬ν¨λ μμ± λ±μ λ€λ₯Έ νΉμ§μ΄ λ‘λ΄μ λν νκ°μ μ€μν μν μ νλ€λ κ²μ μμ¬νλ€. κ·ΈλΌμλ λΆκ΅¬νκ³ , λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬λ λ‘λ΄μ μ 체 μΈμ΄κ° μ¬νμ νΉμ± λ° μΈκ°κ³Όμ μ μ¬μ±μ λν μΈμμ μ€μν μμΈμ΄ λλ€λ κ·Όκ±°λ₯Ό μ 곡νλ€. μ¬νμ νΉμ±κ³Ό μΈκ°κ³Όμ μ μ¬μ±μ μ²λμμλ κ°λ°©μ μ 체 μΈμ΄λ₯Ό νννλ λ‘λ΄μ΄ λ λκ² νκ°λμμ§λ§, μ€ν ν μΈν°λ·°μμλ λ‘λ΄μ΄ μΈλ‘μ΄ κ°μ μ μννκ³ κ³΅κ°νκΈ°λ₯Ό κΈ°λνλ κ²μΌλ‘ λνλ μ΄ μν©λ€μ μ μ ν νμμ μ 체 μΈμ΄ λν λ°°μ ν μ μλ€κ³ ν΄μν μ μλ€. μ΄μ λ°λΌ λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬μμλ λ‘λ΄ λμμ΄λλ€μ΄ λμ± λ€μν λ²μμ μμ§μμ ννν μ μλ λ‘λ΄μ κ°λ°νλλ‘ μ₯λ €νλ€. κ·Έλ λ€λ©΄ μ¬μΈν μμ§μμ λ°λ₯Έ μμ°μ€λ¬μ΄ μμ¬μν΅μ ν΅ν΄ μΈκ°μ΄ λ‘λ΄μ μ¬νμ λλ°μλ‘ μΈμν μ μμ κ²μ΄λ€.Chapter 1. Introduction 1
1. Motivation 1
2. Theoretical Background and Previous Research 3
3. Purpose of Study 12
Chapter 2. Experiment 1 13
1. Objective and Hypotheses 13
2. Methods 13
3. Results 21
4. Discussion 31
Chapter 3. Experiment 2 34
1. Objective and Hypotheses 34
2. Methods 35
3. Results 38
4. Discussion 50
Chapter 4. Conclusion 52
Chapter 5. General Discussion 54
References 60
Appendix 70
κ΅λ¬Έμ΄λ‘ 77Maste
Moral Reasoning and Emotion
This chapter discusses contemporary scientific research on the role of reason and emotion in moral judgment. The literature suggests that moral judgment is influenced by both reasoning and emotion separately, but there is also emerging evidence of the interaction between the two. While there are clear implications for the rationalism-sentimentalism debate, we conclude that important questions remain open about how central emotion is to moral judgment. We also suggest ways in which moral philosophy is not only guided by empirical research but continues to guide it
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Synthesizing and restructuring the conversation around the use of robots in the education and therapy of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders
A conversation about the use of robots as tools in public schoolsβ special needs classrooms necessarily implicates a variety of disciplines. As such, this paper will draw upon: (1) academic literature from the fields of robotics, education, and psychology specifically devoted to the development of robots for use in the education of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders, (2) academic literature from the fields of robotics, education, and psychology specifically devoted to testing the effectiveness of these robots, (3) legal writings concerning the education of differently abled individuals, specifically, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, (4) broad discussion of education technology, drawing from academic publications in the field of education as well as newspaper articles and blog posts, and (5) original interviews with clinicians, educators, and robotics industry professionals.
This paper is organized into four parts. The first will trace the development of robots in the education of individuals with ASD within the academic sphere. The second will do the same within the realm of industry. Together, these sections will demonstrate the fact that disparate strands of research largely distinct from the clinical or educational fields have dictated the development of this robotic technology. A third section will briefly but necessarily explain that robots are viable in the public education system from a legal perspective. Finally, a fourth section will bring together expert voices from the clinical, educational, and industrial fields to explain how and why educational and clinical experts should lead the conversation about the use of educational robots in ASD therapy and education
Conversations on Empathy
In the aftermath of a global pandemic, amidst new and ongoing wars, genocide, inequality, and staggering ecological collapse, some in the public and political arena have argued that we are in desperate need of greater empathy β be this with our neighbours, refugees, war victims, the vulnerable or disappearing animal and plant species. This interdisciplinary volume asks the crucial questions: How does a better understanding of empathy contribute, if at all, to our understanding of others? How is it implicated in the ways we perceive, understand and constitute others as subjects? Conversations on Empathy examines how empathy might be enacted and experienced either as a way to highlight forms of otherness or, instead, to overcome what might otherwise appear to be irreducible differences. It explores the ways in which empathy enables us to understand, imagine and create sameness and otherness in our everyday intersubjective encounters focusing on a varied range of "radical others" β others who are perceived as being dramatically different from oneself. With a focus on the importance of empathy to understand difference, the book contends that the role of empathy is critical, now more than ever, for thinking about local and global challenges of interconnectedness, care and justice
Modelling emotional valence and arousal of non-linguistic utterances for sound design support
Non-Linguistic Utterances (NLUs), produced for popular media, computers, robots, and public spaces, can quickly and wordlessly convey emotional characteristics of a message. They have been studied in terms of their ability to convey affect in robot communication. The objective of this research is to develop a model that correctly infers the emotional Valence and Arousal of an NLU. On a Likert scale, 17 subjects evaluated the relative Valence and Arousal of 560 sounds collected from popular movies, TV shows, and video games, including NLUs and other character utterances. Three audio feature sets were used to extract features including spectral energy, spectral spread, zero-crossing rate (ZCR), Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs), and audio chroma, as well as pitch, jitter, formant, shimmer, loudness, and Harmonics-to-Noise Ratio, among others. After feature reduction by Factor Analysis, the best-performing models inferred average Valence with a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.107 and Arousal with MAE of 0.097 on audio samples removed from the training stages. These results suggest the model infers Valence and Arousal of most NLUs to less than the difference between successive rating points on the 7-point Likert scale (0.14). This inference system is applicable to the development of novel NLUs to augment robot-human communication or to the design of sounds for other systems, machines, and settings
Conversations on Empathy
In the aftermath of a global pandemic, amidst new and ongoing wars, genocide, inequality, and staggering ecological collapse, some in the public and political arena have argued that we are in desperate need of greater empathy β be this with our neighbours, refugees, war victims, the vulnerable or disappearing animal and plant species. This interdisciplinary volume asks the crucial questions: How does a better understanding of empathy contribute, if at all, to our understanding of others? How is it implicated in the ways we perceive, understand and constitute others as subjects? Conversations on Empathy examines how empathy might be enacted and experienced either as a way to highlight forms of otherness or, instead, to overcome what might otherwise appear to be irreducible differences. It explores the ways in which empathy enables us to understand, imagine and create sameness and otherness in our everyday intersubjective encounters focusing on a varied range of "radical others" β others who are perceived as being dramatically different from oneself. With a focus on the importance of empathy to understand difference, the book contends that the role of empathy is critical, now more than ever, for thinking about local and global challenges of interconnectedness, care and justice
The Impact of Dialogue Dynamics in Online Service Resolution
Complaint handling by frontline employees (FLEs) is increasingly occurring in digital channels. Drawing on dialogical interaction
analysis, we demonstrate that customer complaints with more negative language are more difficult to solve, but by using dominant
language and matching the consumer\u2019s linguistic style, FLEs can improve perceptions the complaint was resolved
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