766,379 research outputs found

    HEGEL E LA MISURA: VERSO UN FEDERALISMO AMMINISTRATIVO

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    Modernity is a very complex term, which needs great precision in the definition of its meaning. My point is that Hegel plays a major role in the transformation of modernity in post-Enlightment, but he IS also working with very traditional concepts like StÀnde, Polizei and so on. This represents an objective limit of his science of government, which cannot be intended as a persistent model for the democratic State-building in the 19th and 20th cen-tury. From a philosophical point of view however his idea of sovereignity and representation could be useful for us today in order to imagine a new idea of political obligation. For doing so, we need an extreme effort to elaborate and achieve a new standard of modernity, perhaps no longer based on the liberal items of individualism, representation and formal constitution. We need to discover a new measure for men and women which can coexist with the growing reality of globalization and human interchange. We can of course call it federalism, as a combination of different measures in private and public life, not only as a rule of law but with the sociological implications put forward for instance by Emile Durkheim and Léon Duguit. An answer could possibly come from a reinterpretation of a political structure that also Hegel had known very well: administration, toward an administrative federalism

    Educational Resources: Ionic Matching

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    The document is meant to act as a resource for elementary through middle school teachers, featuring a science activity connected to Indiana state standards with grade-appropriate science connections aimed toward 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th grade. The entire point of this piece is simply to introduce balancing charges in ionic compounds. This is a simpler method to get students thinking about the idea, which also makes it suitable for pre-high school students. It gives a visual representation of how charges balance and cow cations pair with anions. At this level, it is very similar to least common denominator calculations

    Global analysis of piecewise linear systems using impact maps and surface Lyapunov functions

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    This paper presents an entirely new constructive global analysis methodology for a class of hybrid systems known as piecewise linear systems (PLS). This methodology infers global properties of PLS solely by studying the behavior at switching surfaces associated with PLS. The main idea is to analyze impact maps, i.e., maps from one switching surface to the next switching surface. Such maps are known to be "unfriendly" maps in the sense that they are highly nonlinear, multivalued, and not continuous. We found, however, that an impact map induced by an linear time-invariant flow between two switching surfaces can be represented as a linear transformation analytically parametrized by a scalar function of the state. This representation of impact maps allows the search for surface Lyapunov functions (SuLF) to be done by simply solving a semidefinite program, allowing global asymptotic stability, robustness, and performance of limit cycles and equilibrium points of PLS to be efficiently checked. This new analysis methodology has been applied to relay feedback, on/off and saturation systems, where it has shown to be very successful in globally analyzing a large number of examples. In fact, it is still an open problem whether there exists an example with a globally stable limit cycle or equilibrium point that cannot be successfully analyzed with this new methodology. Examples analyzed include systems of relative degree larger than one and of high dimension, for which no other analysis methodology could be applied. This success in globally analyzing certain classes of PLS has shown the power of this new methodology, and suggests its potential toward the analysis of larger and more complex PLS

    The Invention of the Myth of Total Photography

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    In the mid-twentieth-century, it was widely believed that innovations in photographing movement, colour, and depth would one day afford complete mastery of the simulation of visual perception. This collective representation of purpose and of progress in photography was eloquently expressed as the “myth of total cinema” by AndrĂ© Bazin (1946), who argued that the longing for “integral realism” had always marked mechanical reproduction, inspiring inventors since the nineteenth century. This assumption remains common today.  The present article historicises the integral-image utopia, mapping the expression of its intellectual mechanisms in the first accounts of photography then in photography’s emerging historiography. This research reveals the absence of a shared project around “complete” perceptual realism for most of the nineteenth century. The idea of progress toward a total image reproducing vision emerged and came to prevail in the popular imagination at a very particular moment – in 1896, following the invention of cinema – transforming how people thought about the future of photography and told the story of its past

    The Proper Work of the Intellect

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    There is a familiar teleological picture of epistemic normativity on which it is grounded in the goal or good of belief, which is taken in turn to be the acquisition of truth and the avoidance of error. This traditional picture has faced numerous challenges, but one of the most interesting of these is an argument that rests on the nearly universally accepted view that this truth goal, as it is known, is at heart two distinct goals that are in tension with one another. This paper will look more closely at the standard way of understanding the truth goal, drawing out both its explicit and implicit features. My aim will be to show that this conception of the truth goal is deeply mistaken, to propose and defend an alternative model, and to show how this alternative model restores the unity of the goal and its potential to ground and explain the normative dimensions of belief

    PRIDE IN KENNY CHESNEY’S “AMERICAN KIDS”

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    This extended essay discusses the representation of the behavior of American kids as seen through their life styles reflected on Kenny Chesney “American Kids”. The behavior is well portrait through the lyric, but the lyric itself has not been reviewed sufficiently. The purposes of this extended essay are to describe the behavior literally and figuratively, and also to construct the meaning related to the description of the lyric. The writer analyzes the study using library research and she adopts the psychology of behavior by B.F Skinner as her approach method. The result of the analysis shows the description of American kids behavior literally and figuratively as pride in American kids reflected on “American Kids”. Therefore, it can be concluded that the song lyric of American Kids reflects the representation of American kids behavior

    Why There are No Epistemic Duties

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    An epistemic duty would be a duty to believe, disbelieve, or withhold judgment from a proposition, and it would be grounded in purely evidential or epistemic considerations. If I promise to believe it is raining, my duty to believe is not epistemic. If my evidence is so good that, in light of it alone, I ought to believe it is raining, then my duty to believe supposedly is epistemic. I offer a new argument for the claim that there are no epistemic duties. Though people do sometimes have duties to believe, disbelieve, or withhold judgment from propositions, those duties are never grounded in purely epistemic consideration

    Toward a New Constitutional Anatomy

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    There is an important sense in which our Constitution\u27s structure is not what it appears to be--a set of activities or functions or geographies, the \u27judicial or the executive or the legislative power, the truly local and the truly national. Indeed, it is only if we put these notions to the side that we can come to grips with the importance of the generative provisions of the Constitution: the provisions that actually create our federal government; that bind citizens, through voting, to a House of Representatives, to a Senate, to a President, and even, indirectly, to a Supreme Court. In this article, the author contends that the deep structure of the Constitution is not a set of functions or geographies, but rather a political economy of relations between the governed and the governing. Based on standard assumptions common in institutional economics, she argues that these relations create incentives that can help us predict real (rather than simply theoretical) risks to structural change in actual cases involving both the separation of powers and federalism. By considering the risk from shifting relations not to activity-description but instead to majorities and minorities, we may come closer to understanding real risks to shifting power, from states to nation and from one national department to another. To this end, against the backdrop of constitutional law, the author brings to bear the converging meanings of history, political science, and lost constitutional text, all of which reveal that the canonical view of our Constitution is quite partial to courts and provides an incomplete picture of our Constitution as a whole
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