3,790 research outputs found
Some Fubini theorems on product sigma-algebras for non-additive measures
We give some Fubini's theorems (interversion of the order of integration and product capacities) in the framework of the Choquet integral for product sigma-algebras. Following Ghirardato this is performed by considering slice-comonotonic functions. Our results can be easily interpreted for belief functions, in the Dempster and Shafer setting.Choquet integral, product capacity.
A Philosophical Foundation of Non-Additive Measure and Probability
In this paper, non-additivity of a set function is interpreted as a method to express relations between sets which are not modeled in a set theoretic way. Drawing upon a concept called "quasi-analysis” of the philosopher Rudolf Carnap, we introduce a transform for sets, functions, and set functions to formalize this idea. Any image-set under this transform can be interpreted as a class of (quasi-)components or (quasi-)properties representing the original set. We show that non-additive set functions can be represented as signed σ-additive measures defined on sets of quasi-components. We then use this interpretation to justify the use of non-additive set functions in various applications like for instance multi criteria decision making and cooperative game theory. Additionally, we show exemplarily by means of independence, conditioning, and products how concepts from classical measure and probability theory can be transfered to the non-additive theory via the transfor
Disagreement percolation for the hard-sphere model
Disagreement percolation connects a Gibbs lattice gas and i.i.d. site
percolation on the same lattice such that non-percolation implies uniqueness of
the Gibbs measure. This work generalises disagreement percolation to the
hard-sphere model and the Boolean model. Non-percolation of the Boolean model
implies the uniqueness of the Gibbs measure and exponential decay of pair
correlations and finite volume errors. Hence, lower bounds on the critical
intensity for percolation of the Boolean model imply lower bounds on the
critical activity for a (potential) phase transition. These lower bounds
improve upon known bounds obtained by cluster expansion techniques. The proof
uses a novel dependent thinning from a Poisson point process to the hard-sphere
model, with the thinning probability related to a derivative of the free
energy
Laminations and groups of homeomorphisms of the circle
If M is an atoroidal 3-manifold with a taut foliation, Thurston showed that
pi_1(M) acts on a circle. Here, we show that some other classes of essential
laminations also give rise to actions on circles. In particular, we show this
for tight essential laminations with solid torus guts. We also show that
pseudo-Anosov flows induce actions on circles. In all cases, these actions can
be made into faithful ones, so pi_1(M) is isomorphic to a subgroup of
Homeo(S^1). In addition, we show that the fundamental group of the Weeks
manifold has no faithful action on S^1. As a corollary, the Weeks manifold does
not admit a tight essential lamination, a pseudo-Anosov flow, or a taut
foliation. Finally, we give a proof of Thurston's universal circle theorem for
taut foliations based on a new, purely topological, proof of the Leaf Pocket
Theorem.Comment: 50 pages, 12 figures. Ver 2: minor improvement
Finite volume schemes for diffusion equations: introduction to and review of modern methods
We present Finite Volume methods for diffusion equations on generic meshes,
that received important coverage in the last decade or so. After introducing
the main ideas and construction principles of the methods, we review some
literature results, focusing on two important properties of schemes (discrete
versions of well-known properties of the continuous equation): coercivity and
minimum-maximum principles. Coercivity ensures the stability of the method as
well as its convergence under assumptions compatible with real-world
applications, whereas minimum-maximum principles are crucial in case of strong
anisotropy to obtain physically meaningful approximate solutions
Topological Entropy and Algebraic Entropy for group endomorphisms
The notion of entropy appears in many fields and this paper is a survey about
entropies in several branches of Mathematics. We are mainly concerned with the
topological and the algebraic entropy in the context of continuous
endomorphisms of locally compact groups, paying special attention to the case
of compact and discrete groups respectively. The basic properties of these
entropies, as well as many examples, are recalled. Also new entropy functions
are proposed, as well as generalizations of several known definitions and
results. Furthermore we give some connections with other topics in Mathematics
as Mahler measure and Lehmer Problem from Number Theory, and the growth rate of
groups and Milnor Problem from Geometric Group Theory. Most of the results are
covered by complete proofs or references to appropriate sources
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