Origami surfaces for kinetic architecture

This thesis departs from the conviction that spaces that can change their formal configuration through movement may endow buildings of bigger versatility. Through kinetic architecture may be possible to generate adaptable buildings able to respond to different functional solicitations in terms of the used spaces. The research proposes the exploration of rigidly folding origami surfaces as the means to materialize reconfigurable spaces through motion. This specific kind of tessellated surfaces are the result of the transformation of a flat element, without any special structural skill, into a self-supporting element through folds in the material, which gives them the aptitude to undertake various configurations depending on the crease pattern design and welldefined rules for folding according to rigid kinematics. The research follows a methodology based on multidisciplinary, practical experiments supported on digital tools for formal exploration and simulation. The developed experiments allow to propose a workflow, from concept to fabrication, of kinetic structures made through rigidly folding regular origami surfaces. The workflow is a step-by-step process that allows to take a logical path which passes through the main involved areas, namely origami geometry and parameterization, materials and digital fabrication and mechanisms and control. The investigation demonstrates that rigidly folding origami surfaces can be used as dynamic structures to materialize reconfigurable spaces at different scales and also that the use of pantographic systems as a mechanism associated to specific parts of the origami surface permits the achievement of synchronized motion and possibility of locking the structure at specific stages of the folding.A presente tese parte da convicção de que os espaços que são capazes de mudar a sua configuração formal através de movimento podem dotar os edifícios de maior versatilidade. Através da arquitectura cinética pode ser possível a geração de edifícios adaptáveis, capazes de responder a diferentes solicitações funcionais, em termos do espaço utilizado. Esta investigação propõe a exploração de superfícies de origami, dobráveis de forma rígida, como meio de materialização de espaços reconfiguráveis através de movimento. Este tipo de superfícies tesseladas são o resultado da transformação de um elemento plano, sem capacidade estrutural que, através de dobras no material, ganha propriedades de auto-suporte. Dependendo do padrão de dobragem e segundo regras de dobragem bem definidas de acordo com uma cinemática rígida, a superfície ganha a capacidade de assumir diferentes configurações. A investigação segue uma metodologia baseada em experiências práticas e multidisciplinares apoiada em ferramentas digitais para a exploração formal e simulação. Através das experiências desenvolvidas é proposto um processo de trabalho, desde a conceptualização à construção, de estruturas cinéticas baseadas em superfícies dobráveis de origami rígido de padrão regular. O processo de trabalho proposto corresponde a um procedimento passo-apasso que permite seguir um percurso lógico que atravessa as principais áreas envolvidas, nomeadamente geometria do origami e parametrização, materiais e fabricação digital e ainda mecanismos e controle. A dissertação demonstra que as superfícies de origami dobradas de forma rígida podem ser utilizadas como estruturas dinâmicas para materializar espaços reconfiguráveis a diferentes escalas. Demonstra ainda que a utilização de sistemas pantográficos como mecanismos associados a partes específicas da superfície permite atingir um movimento sincronizado e a possibilidade de bloquear o movimento em estados específicos da dobragem

Deep learning architectures for 2D and 3D scene perception

Scene understanding is a fundamental problem in computer vision tasks, that is being more intensively explored in recent years with the development of deep learning. In this dissertation, we proposed deep learning structures to address challenges in 2D and 3D scene perception. We developed several novel architectures for 3D point cloud understanding at city-scale point by effectively capturing both long-range and short-range information to handle the challenging problem of large variations in object size for city-scale point cloud segmentation. GLSNet++ is a two-branch network for multiscale point cloud segmentation that models this complex problem using both global and local processing streams to capture different levels of contextual and structural 3D point cloud information. We developed PointGrad, a new graph convolution gradient operator for capturing structural relationships, that encoded point-based directional gradients into a high-dimensional multiscale tensor space. Using the Point- Grad operator with graph convolution on scattered irregular point sets captures the salient structural information in the point cloud across spatial and feature scale space, enabling efficient learning. We integrated PointGrad with several deep network architectures for large-scale 3D point cloud semantic segmentation, including indoor scene and object part segmentation. In many real application areas including remote sensing and aerial imaging, the class imbalance is common and sufficient data for rare classes is hard to acquire or has high-cost associated with expert labeling. We developed MDXNet for few-shot and zero-shot learning, which emulates the human visual system by leveraging multi-domain knowledge from general visual primitives with transfer learning for more specialized learning tasks in various application domains. We extended deep learning methods in various domains, including the material domain for predicting carbon nanotube forest attributes and mechanical properties, biomedical domain for cell segmentation.Includes bibliographical references

KPK The Karlsruhe Physics Course for the secondary school A-level : Oscillations, Waves, Data

The Karlsruhe Physics Course is a textbook for the secondary school. It is based on a unified subject structure. It is therefore easy to understand and at the same time compact. In addition, it removes barriers to neighboring disciplines. Obsolete concepts have been eliminated and the number of technical terms greatly reduced. It is a favorite read by boys and girls

Volume 54, Number 10 (October 1936)

Musical Educational Renaissance, A (interview with Josef Hofmann) Hallowe\u27en Spirits Go Musical Early Romance of Haydn Lesson Check Ups Harps and Harpists in 1936 (interview with Carlos Salzedo) Problem of the Adolescent Student Daily Dozen from the Diatonic Scales Meistersingers of Nuremberg and Their Wooden Tablet Subdividing the Beat Selecting the New Piece Midnight King: The Tragedy of the Mad Musical Monarch Whose Support Made Wagner\u27s Giant Projects Possible NBC Music Appreciation Hour Making a Start with Bach: Practical Helps for the Student Who Desires a Better Knowledge of the Great Master and His Style Interesting Bit of American Musical History Great Poet as a Music Critic: Heinrich Heine\u27s Relation to the Great Masters of Music Great Musical Revival: Chicago Industrial Music Meeting Indicates Notable Advance Hints from Chopin String Quartet: A Radio Talk Do You Know Mark Twain\u27s Favorite Music Preschool Music Class Finishing That Piece Mastering Skips in the Waltz Bass Do We Listen Enough? Exercises that Strengthen the Fingers Game of Flats Bringing Up the Left Hand Quicker Practicinghttps://digitalcommons.gardner-webb.edu/etude/1848/thumbnail.jp

Issues in Contemporary Orthodontics

Issues in Contemporary Orthodontics is a contribution to the ongoing debate in orthodontics, a discipline of continuous evolution, drawing from new technology and collective experience, to better meet the needs of students, residents, and practitioners of orthodontics. The book provides a comprehensive view of the major issues in orthodontics that have featured in recent debates. Abroad variety of topics is covered, including the impact of malocclusion, risk management and treatment, and innovation in orthodontics

Perception of Color Break-Up

Hintergrund. Ein farbverfälschender Bildfehler namens Color Break-Up (CBU) wurde untersucht. Störende CBU-Effekte treten auf, wenn Augenbewegungen (z.B. Folgebewegungen oder Sakkaden) während der Content-Wiedergabe über sogenannte Field-Sequential Color (FSC) Displays oder Projektoren ausgeführt werden. Die Ursache für das Auftreten des CBU-Effektes ist die sequenzielle Anzeige der Primärfarben über das FSC-System. Methoden. Ein kombiniertes Design aus empirischer Forschung und theoretischer Modellierung wurde angewendet. Mittels empirischer Studien wurde der Einfluss von hardware-, content- und betrachterbasierten Faktoren auf die CBU-Wahrnehmung der Stichprobe untersucht. Hierzu wurden zunächst Sehleistung (u. a. Farbsehen), Kurzzeitzustand (u. a. Aufmerksamkeit) und Persönlichkeitsmerkmale (u. a. Technikaffinität) der Stichprobe erfasst. Anschließend wurden die Teilnehmenden gebeten, die wahrgenommene CBU-Intensität verschiedener Videosequenzen zu bewerten. Die Sequenzen wurden mit einem FSC-Projektor wiedergegeben. Das verwendete Setup ermöglichte die Untersuchung folgender Variablen: die Größe (1.0 bis 6.0°) und Leuchtdichte (10.0 bis 157.0 cd/m2) des CBU-provozierenden Contents, das Augenbewegungsmuster des Teilnehmenden (Geschwindigkeit der Folgebewegung: 18.0 bis 54.0 °/s; Amplitude der Sakkade: 3.6 bis 28.2°), die Position der Netzhautstimulation (0.0 bis 50.0°) und die Bildrate des Projektors (30.0 bis 420.0 Hz). Korrelationen zwischen den unabhängigen Variablen und der subjektiven CBU-Wahrnehmung wurden getestet. Das ergänzend entwickelte Modell prognostiziert die CBU-Wahrnehmung eines Betrachters auf theoretische Weise. Das Modell rekonstruiert die Intensitäts- und Farbeigenschaften von CBU-Effekten zunächst grafisch. Anschließend wird die visuelle CBU-Rekonstruktion zu repräsentativen Modellindizes komprimiert, um das modellierte Szenario mit einem handhabbaren Satz von Metriken zu quantifizieren. Die Modellergebnisse wurden abschließend mit den empirischen Daten verglichen. Ergebnisse. Die hohe interindividuelle CBU-Variabilität innerhalb der Stichprobe lässt sich nicht durch die Sehleistung, den Kurzzeitzustand oder die Persönlichkeitsmerkmale eines Teilnehmenden erklären. Eindeutig verstärkende Bedingungen der CBU-Wahrnehmung sind: (1) eine foveale Position des CBU-Stimulus, (2) eine reduzierte Stimulusgröße während Sakkaden, (3) eine hohe Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit des Auges und (4) eine niedrige Bildrate des Projektors (Korrelation durch Exponentialfunktion beschreibbar, r2 > .93). Die Leuchtdichte des Stimulus wirkt sich nur geringfügig auf die CBU-Wahrnehmung aus. Generell hilft das Modell, die grundlegenden Prozesse der CBU-Genese zu verstehen, den Einfluss von CBU-Determinanten zu untersuchen und ein Klassifizierungsschema für verschiedene CBU-Varianten zu erstellen. Das Modell prognostiziert die empirischen Daten innerhalb der angegebenen Toleranzbereiche. Schlussfolgerungen. Die Studienergebnisse ermöglichen die Festlegung von Bildraten und Eigenschaften des CBU-provozierenden Content (Größe und Position), die das Überschreiten vordefinierter, störender CBU-Grenzwerte vermeiden. Die abgeleiteten Hardwareanforderungen und Content-Empfehlungen ermöglichen ein praxisnahes und evidenzbasiertes CBU-Management. Für die Vorhersage von CBU kann die Modellgenauigkeit weiter verbessert werden, indem Merkmale der menschlichen Wahrnehmung berücksichtigt werden, z.B. die exzentrizitätsabhängige Netzhautempfindlichkeit oder Änderungen der visuellen Wahrnehmung bei unterschiedlichen Arten von Augenbewegungen. Zur Modellierung dieser Merkmale können teilnehmerbezogene Daten der empirischen Forschung herangezogen werden.Background. A color-distorting artifact called Color Break-Up (CBU) has been investigated. Disturbing CBU effects occur when eye movements (e.g., pursuits or saccades) are performed during the presentation of content on Field-Sequential Color (FSC) display or projection systems where the primary colors are displayed sequentially rather than simultaneously. Methods. A mixed design of empirical research and theoretical modeling was used to address the main research questions. Conducted studies evaluated the impact of hardware-based, content-based, and viewer-based factors on the sample’s CBU perception. In a first step, visual performance parameters (e.g., color vision), short-term state (e.g., attention level), and long-term personality traits (e.g., affinity to technology) of the sample were recorded. Participants were then asked to rate the perceived CBU intensity for different video sequences presented by a FSC-based projector. The applied setup allowed the size of the CBU-provoking content (1.0 to 6.0°), its luminance level (10.0 to 157.0 cd/m2), the participant’s eye movement pattern (pursuits: 18.0 to 54.0 deg/s; saccadic amplitudes: 3.6 to 28.2°), the position of retinal stimulation (0.0 to 50.0°), and the projector’s frame rate (30.0 to 420.0 Hz) to be varied. Correlations between independent variables and subjective CBU perception were tested. In contrast, the developed model predicts a viewer’s CBU perception on an objective basis. The model graphically reconstructs the intensity and color characteristics of CBU effects. The visual CBU reconstruction is then compressed into representative model indices to quantify the modeled scenario with a manageable set of metrics. Finally, the model output was compared to the empirical data. Results. High interindividual CBU variability within the sample cannot be explained by a participant’s visual performance, short-term state or long-term personality traits. Conditions that distinctly elevate the participant’s CBU perception are (1) a foveal stimulus position on the retina, (2) a small-sized stimulus during saccades, (3) a high eye movement velocity, and (4) a low frame rate of the projector (correlation expressed by exponential function, r2 > .93). The stimulus luminance, however, only slightly affects CBU perception. In general, the model helps to understand the fundamental processes of CBU genesis, to investigate the impact of CBU determinants, and to establish a classification scheme for different CBU variants. The model adequately predicts the empirical data within the specified tolerance ranges. Conclusions. The study results allow the determination of frame rates and content characteristics (size and position) that avoid exceeding predefined annoyance thresholds for CBU perception. The derived hardware requirements and content recommendations enable practical and evidence-based CBU management. For CBU prediction, model accuracy can be further improved by considering features of human perception, e.g., eccentricity-dependent retinal sensitivity or changes in visual perception with different types of eye movements. Participant-based data from the empirical research can be used to model these features

The Republican Journal: Vol. 73, No. 18 - May 02,1901

https://digitalmaine.com/rj_1901/1018/thumbnail.jp

Albuquerque Morning Journal, 11-04-1921

https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/abq_mj_news/1374/thumbnail.jp