58 research outputs found
Some Issues on Ontology Integration
The word integration has been used with different
meanings in the ontology field. This article
aims at clarifying the meaning of the word âintegrationâ
and presenting some of the relevant work
done in integration. We identify three meanings of
ontology âintegrationâ: when building a new ontology
reusing (by assembling, extending, specializing
or adapting) other ontologies already available;
when building an ontology by merging several
ontologies into a single one that unifies all of
them; when building an application using one or
more ontologies. We discuss the different meanings
of âintegrationâ, identify the main characteristics
of the three different processes and proposethree words to distinguish among those meanings:integration, merge and use
Leveraging knowledge from different communities using ontologies
The purpose of this paper is to provide research based understanding of leveraging knowledge and managing knowledge within and across several communities using the poverty domain as a case study. We hypothesize that leveraging knowledge with a good taxonomy and a good integration process are good approaches to organize and share knowledge. Problems appear when a group of people in different communities share data and collaborate using different perceptions, different concepts, different terms (terminologies), and different semantics to represent the same reality. In this paper we present an approach to solve this problem. We will generate a common set of terms based on the terms of several different storage devices, used by different communities, in order to make data retrieval independent of the different perceptions and terminologies used by those communities. We use ontologies to represent the particular knowledge of each community and discuss the use of mapping and integration techniques to find correspondences between the concepts used in those ontologies
Why, Where and How to use Semantic Annotation for Systems Interoperability
ISSN 2247-6040International audienceSemantic annotation is one of the useful solutions to enrich target's (systems, models, meta-models, etc.) information. There are some papers which use semantic enrichment for different purposes (integration, composition, sharing and reuse, etc.) in several domains, but none of them provides a complete process of how to use semantic annotations. This paper identifies three main components of semantic annotation, gives a formal definition of semantic annotation method and presents a survey of current semantic annotation methods which include: languages and tools that can be used to develop ontology, the design of semantic annotation structure models and the corresponding applications. The survey presented in this paper will be the basis of our future research on models, semantics and architecture for systems interoperability
Ontologias O3F: um servidor e um editor CO3L
Esta dissertação debruça-se sobre o modelo O3F e a linguagem CO3L, sobre a construção de um servidor de ontologias O3F e ainda sobre a construção de um editor especializado na linguagem CO3L. Analisaram-se criticamente vĂĄrias abordagens de representação de ontologias: Ontolingua, OWL, OWL2, UML e O3F/CO3L. Foram tambĂ©m analisadas ferramentas que dĂŁo suporte Ă s anteriores linguagens, dando especial ĂȘnfase ao ProtĂ©gĂ© e ao Ontolingua Server.
Desta anĂĄlise resultou que o modelo O3F Ă© uma excelente opção para representar ontologias devido Ă s vĂĄrias vantagens que apresenta em relação Ă s restantes abordagens. O modelo O3F Ă© o Ășnico que permite modular um domĂnio de acordo com uma visĂŁo orientada a objectos ou com uma visĂŁo relacional do mundo, possibilitando ainda a integração de ambas.
A presente dissertação contribuiu com vĂĄrias propostas de melhoria para modelo O3F e para linguagem CO3L, aumentando a sua expressividade e competitividade. Para possibilitar a real utilização deste modelo e linguagem foi criado o O3 Server, um servidor de ontologias que guarda e partilha as ontologias O3F a um nĂvel global. A presente dissertação criou ainda o CO3L Edit, o primeiro editor especializado na linguagem CO3L que interage com o O3 Server para armazenar e extrair ontologias.
Os resultados produzidos na dissertação foram submetidos a avaliação que revelou evidĂȘncia da correcção e abrangĂȘncia das ferramentas computacionais, mostrando ainda a satisfação insofismĂĄvel dos inquiridos com uma taxa de satisfação mĂ©dia de 92,5%.
Os sistemas computacionais estĂŁo publicamente acessĂveis em http://dcti.iscte.pt/O3F/.This dissertation focuses on the O3F model and the CO3L language, on building an O3F ontology server and on the construction of a specialized CO3L language editor. Some ontology representation approaches have been reviewed and analyzed: Ontolingua, OWL, OWL2, UML e O3F/CO3L. We also analyzed computational tools supporting those approaches, in particular and in more detail, ProtĂ©gĂ© and the Ontolingua Server.
This analysis showed that the O3F model is an excellent option for ontology representation due to several advantages that this model offers compared to other approaches. The O3F model is the only one that allows modeling a given domain, following an object-oriented paradigm or a functional and relational paradigm, allowing the integration of both.
This work has contributed with several proposals to improve the O3F model and the CO3L language, improving their expressiveness, thus making them more competitive. To enable the use of this model and language we have created O3 Server, a server that stores and shares ontologies globally. We have also developed CO3L Edit, the first CO3L language specialized editor that interacts with the O3 Server to store and extract ontologies.
The results produced in this dissertation were evaluated and revealed evidence of the correctness and completeness of software tools and showed the unmistakable satisfaction of users with an average satisfaction rate of 92.5%.
The computer systems are publicly accessible at http://dcti.iscte.pt/O3F/
The `family of languages' approach to semantic interoperability
euzenat2002eInternational audienceExchanging knowledge via the web might lead to the use of different representation languages because different applications could take advantage of this knowledge. In order to function properly, the interoperability of these languages must be established on a semantic ground (i.e., based on the models of the representations). Several solutions can be used for ensuring this interoperability. We present a new approach based on a set of knowledge representation languages partially ordered with regard to the transformability from one language to another by preserving a particular property. The advantages of the family of languages approach are the opportunity to choose the language in which a representation will be imported and the possibility to compose the transformations available between the members of the family. For the same set of languages, there can be several structures depending on the property used for structuring the family. We focus here on semantic properties of different strength that allow us to perform practicable but well founded transformations
Database marketing intelligence methodology supported by ontologies and knowlegde discovery in databases
Tese de doutoramento em Tecnologias e Sistemas de InformaçãoActualmente as organizaçÔes actuam em ambientes caracterizados pela inconstùncia,
elevada competitividade e pressĂŁo no desenvolvimento de novas abordagens ao
mercado e aos clientes. Nesse contexto, o acesso à informação, o suporte à tomada de
decisĂŁo e a partilha de conhecimento tornam-se essenciais para o desempenho
organizativo.
No domĂnio do marketing tĂȘm surgido diversas abordagens para a exploração do
conteĂșdo das suas bases de dados. Uma das abordagens, utilizadas com maior sucesso,
tem sido o processo para a descoberta de conhecimento em bases de dados. Por outro
lado, a necessidade de representação e partilha de conhecimento tem contribuĂdo para
um crescente desenvolvimento das ontologias em ĂĄreas diversas como sejam medicina,
aviação ou segurança.
O presente trabalho cruza diversas åreas: tecnologias e sistemas de informação (em
particular a descoberta de conhecimento), o marketing (especificamente o database
marketing) e as ontologias. O objectivo principal desta investigação foca o papel das
ontologias em termos de suporte e assistĂȘncia ao processo de descoberta de
conhecimento em bases de dados num contexto de database marketing. Através de
abordagens distintas foram formuladas duas ontologias: ontologia para o processo de
descoberta de conhecimento em bases de dados e, a ontologia para o processo database
marketing suportado na extracção de conhecimento em bases de dados (com
reutilização da ontologia anterior). O processo para licitação e validação de
conhecimento, baseou-se no método de Delphi (ontologia de database marketing) e no
processo de investigação baseada na revisão de literatura (ontologia de descoberta de
conhecimento). A concretização das ontologias suportou-se em duas metodologias:
metodologia methontology, para a ontologia de descoberta de conhecimento e
metodologia 101 para a ontologia de database marketing. A Ășltima, evidencia a
reutilização de ontologias, viabilizando assim a reutilização da ontologia de descoberta
de conhecimento na ontologia de database marketing. Ambas ontologias foram desenvolvidas sobre a ferramenta Protege-OWL permitindo não só a criação de toda a
hierarquia de classes, propriedades e relaçÔes, como também, a realização de métodos
de inferĂȘncia atravĂ©s de linguagens baseadas em regras de Web semĂąntica.
Posteriormente, procedeu-se à experimentação da ontologia em casos pråticos de
extracção de conhecimento a partir de bases de dados de marketing.
O emprego das ontologias neste contexto de investigação, representa uma abordagem
pioneira e inovadora, uma vez que sĂŁo propostas para assistirem em cada uma das fases
do processo de extracção de conhecimento em bases de dados através de métodos de
inferĂȘncia. Ă assim possĂvel assistir o utilizador em cada fase do processo de database
marketing em acçÔes tais como de selecção de actividades de marketing em função dos
objectivos de marketing (e.g., perfil de cliente), em acçÔes de selecção dados (e.g., tipos
de dados a utilizar em função da actividade a desenvolver) ou mesmo no processo de
selecção de algoritmos (e.g. inferir sobre o tipo de algoritmo a usar em função do
objectivo definido).
A integração das duas ontologias num contexto mais lato permite, propor uma
metodologia com vista ao efectivo suporte do processo de database marketing baseado
no processo de descoberta de conhecimento em bases de dados, denominado nesta
dissertação como: Database Marketing Intelligence. Para a demonstração da viabilidade
da metodologia proposta foi seguido o método action-research com o qual se observou
e testou o papel das ontologias no suporte Ă descoberta de conhecimento em bases de
dados (através de um caso pråtico) num contexto de database marketing. O trabalho de
aplicação pråtica decorreu sobre uma base de dados real relativa a um cartão de
fidelização de uma companhia petrolĂfera a operar em Portugal.
Os resultados obtidos serviram para demonstrar em duas vertente o sucesso da
abordagem proposta: por um lado foi possĂvel formalizar e acompanhar todo o processo
de descoberta de conhecimento em bases de dados; por outro lado, foi possĂvel
perspectivar uma metodologia para um domĂnio concreto suportado por ontologias
(suporte å decisão na selecção de métodos e tarefas) e na descoberta de conhecimento
em bases de dados.Nowadays, the environment in which companies work is turbulent, very competitive
and pressure in the development of new approaches to the market and clients. In this
context, the access to information, the decision support and knowledge sharing become
essential for the organization performance.
In the marketing domain several approaches for the exploration of database exploration
have emerged. One of the most successfully used approaches has been the knowledge
discovery process in databases. On the other hand, the necessity of knowledge
representation and sharing and contributed to a growing development of ontologies in
several areas such as in the medical, the aviation or safety areas.
This work crosses several areas: technology and information systems (specifically
knowledge discovery in databases), marketing (specifically database marketing) and
ontologies in general. The main goal of this investigation is to focus on the role of
ontologies in terms of support and aid to the knowledge discovery process in databases
in a database marketing context. Through distinct approaches two ontologies were
created: ontology for the knowledge discovery process in databases, and the ontology
for the database marketing process supported on the knowledge extraction in databases
(reusing the former ontology). The elicitation and validation of knowledge process was
based on the Delphi method (database marketing ontology) and the investigation
process was based on literature review (knowledge discovery ontology). The carrying
out of both ontologies was based on two methodologies: methontology methodology,
for the knowledge discovery process and 101 methodology for the database marketing
ontology. The former methodology, stresses the reusing of ontologies, allowing the
reusing of the knowledge discovery ontology in the database marketing ontology. Both
ontologies were developed with the Protege-OWL tool. This tool allows not only the
creation of all the hierarchic classes, properties and relationships, but also the carrying
out of inference methods through web semantics based languages. Then, the ontology
was tested in practical cases of knowledge extraction from marketing databases. The application of ontologies in this investigation represents a pioneer and innovative
approach, once they are proposed to aid and execute an effective support in each phase
of the knowledge extraction from databases in the database marketing context process.
Through inference processes on the knowledge base created it was possible to assist the
user in each phase of the database marketing process such as, in marketing activity
selection actions according to the marketing objectives (e.g., client profile) or in data
selection actions (e.g., type of data to use according to the activity to be preformed. In
relation to aid in the knowledge discovery process in databases, it was also possible to
infer on the type of algorithm to use according to the defined objective or even
according to the type of data pre-processing activities to develop regarding the type of
data and type of attribute information.
The integration of both ontologies in a more general context allows proposing a
methodology aiming to the effective support of the database marketing process based on
the knowledge discovery process in databases, named in this dissertation as: Database
Marketing Intelligence. To demonstrate the viability of the proposed methodology the
action-research method was followed with which the role of ontologies in assisting
knowledge discovery in databases (through a practical case) in the database marketing
context was observed and tested. For the practical application work a real database
about a customer loyalty card from a Portuguese oil company was used.
The results achieved demonstrated the success of the proposed approach in two ways:
on one hand, it was possible to formalize and follow the whole knowledge discovery in
databases process; on the other hand, it was possible to perceive a methodology for a
concrete domain supported by ontologies (support of the decision in the selection of
methods and tasks) and in the knowledge discovery in databases.Fundação para a CiĂȘncia e a Tecnologia (FCT) - SFRH/BD/36541/200
Management of Knowledge Representation Standards Activities
This report describes the efforts undertaken over the last two years to identify the issues underlying the current difficulties in sharing and reuse, and a community wide initiative to overcome them. First, we discuss four bottlenecks to sharing and reuse, present a vision of a future in which these bottlenecks have been ameliorated, and describe the efforts of the initiative's four working groups to address these bottlenecks. We then address the supporting technology and infrastructure that is critical to enabling the vision of the future. Finally, we consider topics of longer-range interest by reviewing some of the research issues raised by our vision
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