15,645 research outputs found
Arthritic Hand-Finger Movement Similarity Measurements: Tolerance Near Set Approach
The problem considered in this paper is how to measure the degree of resemblance between
nonarthritic and arthritic hand movements during rehabilitation exercise. The solution to
this problem stems from recent work on a tolerance space view of digital images and the
introduction of image resemblance measures. The motivation for this work is both to quantify
and to visualize differences between hand-finger movements in an effort to provide clinicians
and physicians with indications of the efficacy of the prescribed rehabilitation exercise. The more
recent introduction of tolerance near sets has led to a useful approach for measuring the
similarity of sets of objects and their application to the problem of classifying image sequences extracted from videos showing finger-hand movement during rehabilitation exercise.
The approach to measuring the resemblance between hand movement images introduced in
this paper is based on an application of the well-known Hausdorff distance measure and
a tolerance nearness measure. The contribution of this paper is an approach to measuring
as well as visualizing the degree of separation between images in arthritic and nonarthritic
hand-finger motion videos captured during rehabilitation exercise
Insightful classification of crystal structures using deep learning
Computational methods that automatically extract knowledge from data are
critical for enabling data-driven materials science. A reliable identification
of lattice symmetry is a crucial first step for materials characterization and
analytics. Current methods require a user-specified threshold, and are unable
to detect average symmetries for defective structures. Here, we propose a
machine-learning-based approach to automatically classify structures by crystal
symmetry. First, we represent crystals by calculating a diffraction image, then
construct a deep-learning neural-network model for classification. Our approach
is able to correctly classify a dataset comprising more than 100 000 simulated
crystal structures, including heavily defective ones. The internal operations
of the neural network are unraveled through attentive response maps,
demonstrating that it uses the same landmarks a materials scientist would use,
although never explicitly instructed to do so. Our study paves the way for
crystal-structure recognition of - possibly noisy and incomplete -
three-dimensional structural data in big-data materials science.Comment: Nature Communications, in press (2018
Arthritic hand-finger movement similarity measurements: Tolerance near set approach
The problem considered in this paper is how to measure the degree of resemblance between nonarthritic and arthritic hand movements during rehabilitation exercise. The solution to this problem stems from recent work on a tolerance space view of digital images and the introduction of image resemblance measures. The motivation for this work is both to quantify and to visualize differences between hand-finger movements in an effort to provide clinicians and physicians with indications of the efficacy of the prescribed rehabilitation exercise. The more recent introduction of tolerance near sets has led to a useful approach for measuring the similarity of sets of objects and their application to the problem of classifying image sequences extracted from videos showing finger-hand movement during rehabilitation exercise. The approach to measuring the resemblance between hand movement images introduced in this paper is based on an application of the well-known Hausdorff distancemeasure and a tolerance nearness measure. The contribution of this paper is an approach to measuring as well as visualizing the degree of separation between images in arthritic and nonarthritic hand-finger motion videos captured during rehabilitation exercise.https://www.hindawi.com/journals/cmmm/2011/569898
Neighbourhood-based vision systems
Preprint versionThe problem presented in this paper is how to find similarities between digital images useful in design cybernetic vision systems. The solution to this problem stems from a neighbourhood based vision system. A neighbourhood is viewed in the context of a covering of a visual space defined by tolerance relations. A consideration of neighbourhoods and tolerance classes leads to a highly practical tolerance near set approach in vision systems. The contribution of this article is an algorithm for finding tolerance classes, a new measure for quantifying the similarity between tolerance classes, and a practical application of the tolerance space approach."This research has been supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) research grant 185986, Manitoba Centre of Excellence Fund (MCEF) grant, Canadian Network Centre of Excellence (NCE) and Canadian Arthritis Network (CAN) grant SRI-BIO-05.
Variational image regularization with Euler's elastica using a discrete gradient scheme
This paper concerns an optimization algorithm for unconstrained non-convex
problems where the objective function has sparse connections between the
unknowns. The algorithm is based on applying a dissipation preserving numerical
integrator, the Itoh--Abe discrete gradient scheme, to the gradient flow of an
objective function, guaranteeing energy decrease regardless of step size. We
introduce the algorithm, prove a convergence rate estimate for non-convex
problems with Lipschitz continuous gradients, and show an improved convergence
rate if the objective function has sparse connections between unknowns. The
algorithm is presented in serial and parallel versions. Numerical tests show
its use in Euler's elastica regularized imaging problems and its convergence
rate and compare the execution time of the method to that of the iPiano
algorithm and the gradient descent and Heavy-ball algorithms
Force field feature extraction for ear biometrics
The overall objective in defining feature space is to reduce the dimensionality of the original pattern space, whilst maintaining discriminatory power for classification. To meet this objective in the context of ear biometrics a new force field transformation treats the image as an array of mutually attracting particles that act as the source of a Gaussian force field. Underlying the force field there is a scalar potential energy field, which in the case of an ear takes the form of a smooth surface that resembles a small mountain with a number of peaks joined by ridges. The peaks correspond to potential energy wells and to extend the analogy the ridges correspond to potential energy channels. Since the transform also turns out to be invertible, and since the surface is otherwise smooth, information theory suggests that much of the information is transferred to these features, thus confirming their efficacy. We previously described how field line feature extraction, using an algorithm similar to gradient descent, exploits the directional properties of the force field to automatically locate these channels and wells, which then form the basis of characteristic ear features. We now show how an analysis of the mechanism of this algorithmic approach leads to a closed analytical description based on the divergence of force direction, which reveals that channels and wells are really manifestations of the same phenomenon. We further show that this new operator, with its own distinct advantages, has a striking similarity to the Marr-Hildreth operator, but with the important difference that it is non-linear. As well as addressing faster implementation, invertibility, and brightness sensitivity, the technique is also validated by performing recognition on a database of ears selected from the XM2VTS face database, and by comparing the results with the more established technique of Principal Components Analysis. This confirms not only that ears do indeed appear to have potential as a biometric, but also that the new approach is well suited to their description, being robust especially in the presence of noise, and having the advantage that the ear does not need to be explicitly extracted from the background
Influence of human pressures on large river structure and function
A large river study was conducted as part of the Cross Departmental Research Pool (CDRP) ecological integrity project to (i) provide an overview of the macroinvertebrate faunas of large rivers, including those in deep-water habitats, and (ii) to elucidate links between these faunas, river function and anthropogenic stressors. Eleven sites on 6th-order or 7th-order rivers were sampled; four in the South Island and seven in the North Island. We measured (i) macroinvertebrate communities colonising wood, riffles (where present), littoral habitats (1.5 m deep) (ii) ecosystem metabolism using a single-station open-channel approach based on natural changes in dissolved oxygen concentration over a 24-hour period, and (iii) wood and cellulose breakdown. Relationships were investigated between these response variables and reach-scale assessments of habitat quality, underlying upstream and segment environmental variables provided in the Freshwater Environments of New Zealand (FWENZ) database, and anthropogenic pressure variables provided by the Waters of National Importance (WONI) database
- …