Research & Development in the Telecommunication Industry in Prewar Japan -Automatic Telephone Switchboard-

The telephone system was not sufficiently developed in prewar Japan. This study examines the technological development of automatic telephone switchboard (ATS) to clarify the problems of telephone system in prewar Japan. Ministry of Communication(MOC) introduced automatic telephone system in 1923. From the standpoint of the telephone exchange service, it was a very opportune decision; however, it was technologically premature. Although they had conducted research on the system before WW1, their only choice was the primitive S ~ S system. Further, the dependence on import technology caused different A-type and H-type ATS to coexist. Each local telephone exchange district independently introduced a different type. The MOC had to prepare the specifications and parts for repair for two different systems. These factors hampered the improvement of the telecommunication quality. Standardizing the system by using independent technology became the biggest issue for the MOC in the 1930s. In the 1930s, some joint researches were organized with private enterprises. They tried to develop a gT-typeh or gElectronic Tube-typeh ATS. However, the T-type ATS was merely an improvement over the outdated S ~ S system with respect to the circuit design. On the other hand, Matsumae aimed at a novel technology, an electronic common control system. However, a suitable electronic tube was not invented. As a result, the telecommunication industry was unable to resolve the coexistence problem in the prewar period. However, the engineers of MOC and ATS suppliers recognized their technological backwardness and shared an awareness of the importance of standardization by independent technology. This was the starting point for the research and development system of the telecommunication industry in gPostwar Japan.hTelephone system, Automatic Telephone Switchboard, Ministry of Communication, Research & Development, Joint Research

Advanced Traffic Control Center and Research Institutes in Japan

The Japan trip has been made with the following aims: -- To study the most advanced Japanese traffic systems concerning the used concepts for computer control, the applied methodology and the results and experiences obtained in real applications, as well as expected from simulation studies. It was already well known that some of the most advanced traffic control systems are in operation in Japan. On the other hand, no detailed information has been published in English. Therefore, one purpose of the trip was to provide a possibility for personal discussions with leading scientists and engineers on the latest state-of-the-art and about Japanese answers to the questions: What contribution one expects in Japan from advanced computerized urban traffic control systems in the reduction of the serious present and future urban traffic problems, i.e. concerning congestion, accidents and fatalities, endangering of the urban environment (noise and air pollution) and resource consumption (energy, land)? -- The visit was to provide one essential part of the information needed for an international comparative analysis which shall result in a state-of-the-art report of the urban project, leading to a manuscript for a volume on Computerized Urban Traffic Control and Guidance Systems (CUTC) of IIASA's state-of-the-art series. -- One special aim of the trip was to have personal discussions with possible Japanese co-authors to that CUTC volume, who should be asked to prepare case descriptions on advanced Japanese systems. -- The trip should be used for asking some leading Japanese scientists for contributions to the IFAC Workshop "Optimization Applied to Transportation" (Vienna, February 1976), co-sponsored by IIASA

Abstracts of the 7th International Conference on Lactoferrin / Résumés de la 7e Conférence internationale sur la lactoferrine

The article presents abstracts on lactoferrin research. They include "Oral administration of lactoferrin raises NK cell activity in mice,"Comparison of antimicrobial activity between lactoferricin B 15 derivative and antibiotics" and "Batch extraction of lactoferrin from raw whole milk.

ICR ANNUAL REPORT 2019 (Volume 26)[All Pages]

This Annual Report covers from 1 January to 31 December 201

Activities of International Joint Usage/Research Center

This Annual Report covers from 1 January to 31 December 202

Activities of International Joint Usage/Research Center

This Annual Report covers from 1 January to 31 December 202

Search for Supersymmetry Using Final States with One Lepton, Jets, and Missing Transverse Momentum with the ATLAS Detector in √s = 7 TeV pp Collisions

This Letter presents the first search for supersymmetry in final states containing one isolated electron or muon, jets, and missing transverse momentum from √s = 7 TeV proton-proton collisions at the LHC. The data were recorded by the ATLAS experiment during 2010 and correspond to a total integrated luminosity of 35 pb^(-1). No excess above the standard model background expectation is observed. Limits are set on the parameters of the minimal supergravity framework, extending previous limits. Within this framework, for A_0 = GeV, tanβ = 3, and µ > 0 and for equal squark and gluino masses, gluino masses below 700 GeV are excluded at 95% confidence level

Search for dark matter in events with a hadronically decaying W or Z boson and missing transverse momentum in pp collisions at √s=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search is presented for dark matter pair production in association with a W or Z boson in pp collisions representing 20.3  fb−1 of integrated luminosity at s√=8  TeV using data recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Events with a hadronic jet with the jet mass consistent with a W or Z boson, and with large missing transverse momentum are analyzed. The data are consistent with the standard model expectations. Limits are set on the mass scale in effective field theories that describe the interaction of dark matter and standard model particles, and on the cross section of Higgs production and decay to invisible particles. In addition, cross section limits on the anomalous production of W or Z bosons with large missing transverse momentum are set in two fiducial regions