American Tap Dance History and Proposed Preservation

The first form of dance conceived in the United States, tap dance, thrived throughout the era of vaudeville and the movie musical. Today’s society often overlooks tap dance beyond basic or beginner dance education; the history of the art from is even more so neglected. Within these pages, I will address the question of how the history of tap dance can be honored and preserved for generations to come. I feel so grateful to have had a tap mentor that valued the history of tap just as much as the technique and steps. Others in my field may not have been so lucky. This is ultimately a major hinderance in our ability as dance educators to future students. Developing a system of tap dance training accompanied by history as well as sparking the interest of audiences new and old is the best way to further tap technique and performance. Thanks to popular television programs such as World of Dance and So You Think You Can Dance, dance, in general, has seen a major resurgence in modern culture. Registration in dance schools, participation in dance conventions, and attendance in dance related performances is steadily on the rise with no sign of slowing down. In light of this, there has not been a better time to examine the way in which dance history is taught and conveyed; we must take advantage of the peaked interest and utilize all resources at hand. Tap dance, in particular, has seen its own small portion of this widespread dance resurgence especially due to the return of the movie musical - La La Land and The Greatest Showman. With the demand of dance on an upswing, inadequate, lackluster dance education is a serious concern. Dance teachers need to make sure the knowledge they are imparting on students is both historically accurate and progressive. In order to best educate myself and develop a viable solution, I have done extensive historical research through credible texts. I have read various books suggested to me by my own tap mentor and other tap professionals. I have also be read through various biographies and autobiographies. Now having obtained as much knowledge as possible regarding the history of tap dance, I efficiently developed a method in which preservation can take place within the teaching of technique. Tap dance, being one of the only forms of dance originating in the United States, deserves to be sustained and honored properly and to the highest degree

Spectro-electrochemical studies on [Ru(TAP)2(dppz)]2+ - insights into the mechanism of its photosensitized oxidation of oligonucleotides

[Ru(TAP)2(dppz)]2+ (TAP = 1,4,5,8-tetraazaphenanthrene; dppz = dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine) is known to photo-oxidize guanine in DNA. Whether this oxidation proceeds by direct photoelectron transfer or by proton-coupled electron transfer is still unknown. To help distinguish between these mechanisms, spectro-electrochemical experiments have been carried out with [Ru(TAP)2(dppz)]2+ in acetonitrile. The UV–vis and mid-IR spectra obtained for the one-electron reduced product were compared to those obtained by picosecond transient absorption and time-resolved infrared experiments of [Ru(TAP)2(dppz)]2+ bound to guanine-containing DNA. An interesting feature of the singly reduced species is an electronic transition in the near-IR region (with λmax at 1970 and 2820 nm). Density functional and time-dependent density functional theory simulations of the vibrational and electronic spectra of [Ru(TAP)2(dppz)]2+, the reduced complex [Ru(TAP)2(dppz)]+, and four isomers of [Ru(TAP)(TAPH)(dppz)]2+ (a possible product of proton-coupled electron transfer) were performed. Significantly, these predict absorption bands at λ > 1900 nm (attributed to a ligand-to-metal charge-transfer transition) for [Ru(TAP)2(dppz)]+ but not for [Ru(TAP)(TAPH)(dppz)]2+. Both the UV–vis and mid-IR difference absorption spectra of the electrochemically generated singly reduced species [Ru(TAP)2(dppz)]+ agree well with the transient absorption and time-resolved infrared spectra previously determined for the transient species formed by photoexcitation of [Ru(TAP)2(dppz)]2+ intercalated in guanine-containing DNA. This suggests that the photochemical process in DNA proceeds by photoelectron transfer and not by a proton-coupled electron transfer process involving formation of [Ru(TAP)(TAPH)(dppz)]2+, as is proposed for the reaction with 5′-guanosine monophosphate. Additional infrared spectro-electrochemical measurements and density functional calculations have also been carried out on the free TAP ligand. These show that the TAP radical anion in acetonitrile also exhibits strong broad near-IR electronic absorption (λmax at 1750 and 2360 nm)

Development of Improved Tap Hole Clay for Blast Furnace Tap Hole

This work describes the development of Tap hole clay based on Standard Tap hole caly.This study included the analysis of existing Tap hole composition from the XRD analysis, preparation of resin, optimization of resin composition and the replacement of some component of the Standard Tap hole clay (like Kyanite and Si3N4) and to adjust the composition which will properties (AP, BD, PLC, CCS) close to the Standard. The test revealed that increase in Corundum or Quartz increases the hardness (which is suppressedto provide wear resistance), Graphite increases drillability but the clay do not similar well.Kyanite can be effectively replaced by Silimanite and Si3N4 by Ferrosilicon Nitride. Two composition have been finally identify which have promising values and can be further optimized to provide an alternate composition to Standard 1 Tap hole clay. Other supplied Standards- i.e. 2, 3, 4 did not have much promising value and hence they were not optimized

Pengaruh Setting Tap Transformator Terhadap Profil Tegangan Pada Jaringan IEEE 14 Bus

Adanya jarak yang jauh dari pusat pembangkit ke beban pada sistem penyaluran tenaga listrik menyebabkan profil tegangan pada sisi terima atau sisi konsumen kadang turun kualitas tegangannya. Salah satu dari penurunan kualitas tegangan adalah penurunan level tegangan. Standar penurunan level tegangan pada setiap negara berbeda-beda tetapi secara umum penurunan level tegangan yang diijinkan kurang lebih tidak boleh lebih dari 10%. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh setting tap pada transformator untuk mengoptimalkan penurunan level tegangan pada sisi terima atau pada sisi konsumen. Dengan setting tap transformator diharapkan memperbaiki aliran daya dan profil tegangan pada masing-masing bus. Profil tegangan tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh nilai setting tap transformator saja, tetapi bentuk dari jaringan juga berpengaruh. Hasil penelitian ini adalah dengan mengubah setting tap transformator dapat menghasilkan perubahan aliran daya dan profil tegangan. Setting tap yang paling optimal didapatkan pada nilai yang optimal, bukan nilai tap transformator yang semakin kecil atau semakin besar nilainya. Rata-rata penurunan level tegangan paling kecil diantara 3 skenario yang diterapkan didapatkan hasil yaitu rata-rata penurunan sebesar 5,137 % pada skenario dengan tap setting 0,95.  The long distance from the power plant to the load on the electric power distribution system causes the voltage profile on the receiving side or the consumer side to sometimes decrease the quality of the voltage. One of the decrease in the quality of the voltage is a drop voltage. The standard drop in voltage level varies from country to country but in general the allowable drop in voltage level should not be more than 10%. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of setting tap on the transformer to optimize the voltage level drop on the receiving side or on the consumer side. By setting the tap transformer, it is expected to improve the power flow and voltage profile on each bus. The voltage profile is not only affected by the transformer tap setting value, but the shape of the network also has an effect. The result of this research is that changing the transformer tap settings can result in changes in the power flow and voltage profile. The most optimal tap setting is obtained at the optimal value, not the smaller the transformer tap value or the larger the value. The smallest average drop voltage level among the 3 scenarios applied, the results obtained are an average decrease of 5.137% in the scenario with a tap setting of 0.95.

Trends and Traditions: A Mixed Methods Study of Tap Dance Education in the Private Sector Dance Studio

Abstract The experience of the tap dance educator in the private sector studio was studied using a mixed methods approach that included a survey and individual interviews. A total of 338 tap teachers representing diversity in age, experience, location and competition participation responded to 25 survey questions that asked about enrollment and hiring, training and curriculum, dance competitions and social media, and challenges and benefits. Interviews with five private sector tap teachers and four master teachers collected in-depth descriptive data that expanded on the primary topics explored in the survey. Key findings include the following: tap enrollment stayed the same or is increasing, it is extremely challenging to hire qualified tap teachers, tap teacher training opportunities are lacking, most tap teachers learn from their own teacher when growing up; and tap history, music theory and improvisation are rarely taught. In the area of dance competitions: urban studios compete less than rural and suburban studios; and judging, flooring and amplification in competitions are not satisfactory for tap dance. Teachers’ greatest challenge is teaching mixed levels and their greatest benefit is working with students and watching them acquire new skills. A major conclusion is that the current trends influencing the field align with significant periods and personalities in tap dance history. In order for tap dance education to become more relevant in today’s dance world, improved teacher training programs should be designed which include “how” and “why” to teach tap history and music theory

Politik Hukum Pengaturan Tap Mpr dalam Hierarki Peraturan Perundang-undangan

The third Amendment of UUD 1945 in 2001 put the position of MPR is no longer as the highest state institution but equal with another state institutions. This is certainly make a legal consequence to the legal product that produced by MPR and that legal product is Tap MPR. Tap MPR is no longer regulated in hierarchy of legislation in article 7 (1) Constitution No. 10 of 2004 on the establishment of legislation because Tap MPR is not included in the general legislation. But then the issuance of Constitution No. 12 of 2011 set back Tap MPR in hierarchy of legislation because some of Tap MPR is still valid in accordance with the Tap MPR number of I / MPR / 2003 on Judicial Review Matter and Legal Status of the Tap MPR Decree from 1960-2002. If it viewed through a political perspective, it can be said that Tap MPR Decree setting tug in the hierarchy of legislation can be said to be inconsistent of legal political or unclear. Said to be inconsistent or unclear because it is not in line with changes in the MPR authority and contrary to the theory of hierarchy of norms as a result of changes in the authority of MPR must also align with the legislation and do not deserve to be above the legislation. The debate re-occurs when the authority of the Constitutional Court to review the constitutionality of MPR is considered contrary to the 1945 Constitution questionable. Is the Constitutional Court is authorized to review the constitutionality of Tap MPR towards the UUD 1945? According to the Article 24C of UUD 1945, Constitutional Court is only authorized to review legislation towards UUD 1945. There is void of norm on the authority of the Constitutional Court but on the other side, citizens who feel their constitutional rights are violated by the existence of the MPR cannot do anything. The Constitutional Court was established with the aim of legislation under the Constitution does not conflict with the UUD 1945, the next purpose is to protect and ensure the constitutional rights of citizens contained in the UUD 1945 in order not to be violated by officials or state agencies. Departed from that purpose then the Constitutional Court is authorized to review the constitutionality of Tap MPR is considered contrary to the UUD 1945

The Evolution Of The Tap Dance

Evolution deals with the development of a certain thing, taking for granted that it originated from other pre-existing types. That is to say, the tap dance has existed in other forms which will be presented and discussed. The tap dance has not come into its own in its present form, there have been a series of other dances which have contributed to the formation of the present Tap Dance. Dancing is defined as rhythmical movement of the body or parts of the body, usually in accord with music. The tap dance conforms with this definition but to be more specific one can say that Tap dancing is a step dance, tapped out audibly with the feet, toes, or heels. It Is a series of complicated rhythms formed by manipulations of the feet. The purpose of treating the evolution of the tap dance is to prove conclusively that Tap Dancing sprang\u27s from other dances and to leave a written record of this for use in educational fields. Since the Tap Dance is a part of education, a written history is necessary for research, planning future dances, and for general information. The need for such a study is great, as there is little or no written history of the Tap Dance. It is needed as a background for modern dancing; a source of research and of general Information, hay subject worth consideration should have a definite written history

Sophisticated credulity: Are old beliefs disguised by new terminology and selective learning?

The present research attempted to distinguish between traditional anomalistic belief (TAP) and pseudoscientific anomalistic belief (PSAP). In Study 1, I constructed the PSAP scale and then, to establish construct validity, examined its correlation to other measures related to TAP. In Studies 2 and 3, I examined how high and low TAP and PSAP believers differed in recalling information that either did, or did not support the existence of anomalistic phenomena. Participants read 12 abstracts on paranormal phenomena and were given T/F recall questions either immediately (Study 2) or following a four day delay period (Study 3). As expected, high and low PSAP believers had generally similar recall accuracy. However, the results for high and low TAP believers showed differences that were largely inconsistent with past research. In Study 4, I constructed a regard for science scale which was negatively associated with TAP belief, but not associated with PSAP belief. Changes to the methodology and proposals for future research are discussed

Spatial and temporal variations of tap water 17O-excess in China

Compared to tap water δ2H and δ18O, tap water 17O-excess preserves additional information about source water dynamics. In this study, we provide the first report of 17O-excess variations of tap water across China (652 samples). Annual 17O-excess of tap waters at the national scale did not show obvious spatial pattern, and was almost unaffected by local environmental factors except in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region with a strong latitudinal trend. The mean 17O-excess values in different seasons were not significantly different. The isotopic compositions of most of the tap waters at the annual and seasonal scale were likely influenced by the equilibrium fractionation effect (δ′18O-δ′17O slope ranged from 0.5277 to 0.5301), except for the northwest region in the summer (slope = 0.5264) influenced by kinetic fractionation associated with re-evaporation effect. Based on the information of tap water source distribution, site aridity index and the known precipitation δ18O values, a subset of the tap water can be considered as precipitation proxy. Different from the obvious spatial characteristics of precipitation δ18O, precipitation 17O-excess did not show a clear spatial pattern. But it revealed much detailed precipitation formation mechanisms related to different climate regions and geographical conditions. The lower 17O-excess values of the precipitation-sourced tap waters were caused by kinetic fractionation associated with supersaturation process in snow or glacier formation and re-evaporation effect in some arid regions. The higher 17O-excess values of the precipitation-sourced tap waters in the inland were caused by continental moisture recycling, while likely caused by multiple factors in the southeast coastal region including short transport from ocean source and the humid local environment. Overall, this study provides a unique tap water 17O-excess dataset across China, and probes the precipitation formation mechanisms using tap waters