Optimization in Eugenol Production from Clove Oil with Saponification – Neutralization Process by using Response Surface Methods

The objective of this research was to obtain optimum condition in eugenol production from clove oil with response surface methods. Clove oil was founded from essential oil cluster in Batang district Central Java. The eugenol was produced with saponification and neutralization process. Eugenol was obtained with vacuum distillation. Eugenol concentration was analyzed with gas chromatography. In this research, the variable was studied are temperature and ratio of sodium hydroxide to clove oil and yield of eugenol as response variable. So the results was obtain in minimum condition with yield of eugenol 39.17% at X 1 = -0,0109 and X 2 = 0.3095 with determinant coefficient 0.764

The reasons why women with small for gestational age babies stop breastfeeding : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Master of Arts in Midwifery at Massey University

There has been a multitude of research literature on breastfeeding benefits, incidence and duration of breastfeeding, characteristics of women who breastfeed and formula feed, and variables associated with breastfeeding initiation and success in the 'general' breastfeeding population. Unfortunately there has been very little written about breastfeeding in women who deliver small for gestational age (SGA) babies. The literature has demonstrated that women with SGA babies have different characteristics to women in the general breastfeeding population as illustrated in the adjacent literature review. The literature review, which accompanies this thesis, has highlighted the multiple advantages associated with breastfeeding, which may be particularly beneficial for SGA babies. Whether women delivering SGA babies have different breastfeeding experiences, or reasons for discontinuing breastfeeding, however has never been investigated. The research presented in this thesis is part of a randomised-controlled trial entitled "The effect of educational information on the duration of breastfeeding in small for gestational age babies". Only one arm of this larger study has been analysed due to the restraints of a 75-point thesis. The full program of study is in progress. The primary aim of this arm was to determine why women with small for gestation age babies stop breastfeeding. Other influences on breastfeeding success were also investigated to determine if these external influences were statistically significant. The findings from this research project have demonstrated that women with SGA babies have the same breastfeeding concerns as women in the general breastfeeding population. The most commonly cited reason for stopping breastfeeding were concerns about 'not enough milk'. Forty four percent of the women cited the midwife as being the most 'valuable' support with their breastfeeding experience. Overall the women with SGA babies had very good breastfeeding rates at 3 and 6 months postnatally compared with the general breastfeeding population statistics. This is a credit to the midwives caring for these women and babies and may also be related to the fact that term SGA babies have been undernourished in utero and can often be hungry babies with 'catching up' to do. These research findings also support the idea that the introduction of supplementary bottles administered on the postnatal wards can have a detrimental effect on future breastfeeding success. However, small for gestational age infants are at increased risk of hypoglycaemia and supplemental feeding may be necessary if the infant is feeding poorly or shows evidence of hypoglycaemia. Any strategies that can improve the breastfeeding duration for SGA infants can result in a wide range of health benefits. The adjacent literature review demonstrates that breastfeeding is the best form of infant feeding and may be even more so for small term babies

George M. Low Trophy NASA's Quality and Excellence Award, 1992. Application guidelines: Small business

Guidelines are given for the selection of small business candidates for the George M. Low Trophy, NASA's Quality and Excellence Award, 1992. Topics covered include candidate eligibility, the selection process milestone schedule, the nomination letter, and the application report

READERS’ KNOWLEDGE OF FUNCTIONAL DEVICES

Various writing devices are designed to serve specialized purposes or “functions” to aid readers in their processing of a text. For example, an index lists important topics in the book and allows the readers to quickly locate the pages relevant to a particular topic. The purpose of this study was to learn what mature readers know about various functional devices. Two experiments were conducted to learn what readers know about functional devices in texts. Experiment 1 investigated readers’ knowledge about functional writing devices and Experiment 2 examined readers’ beliefs about the relevance of functional writing devices in various reading situations. At the end of the experiments, a list of functional writing devices and their respective usage was created from the results of Experiment 1 & 2. The information obtained could be useful for education purposes and also future studies on the effects of function identifying signals on cognition

NASA Publications Guide

The publication programs and management policies of NASA are described and the details that authors and publication specialists need to know to carry out the agency's mission of disseminating the scientific and technical information derived from its activities are highlighted. Topics covered include the various kinds of NASA formal publications; selection of publication medium; printing and distribution; and requirements concerning style and format standards, copyright transfers, the cover, color, and foldouts. The sections of a report are delineated and editorial and page make-up responsibilities are also discussed

A critical analysis of New Zealand's Psychoactive Substances Act 2013 and its implementation process : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Public Health at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand

Listed in 2017 Dean's List of Exceptional ThesesIntroduction: In July 2013, the New Zealand Parliament passed the Psychoactive Substances Act (PSA), the world’s first law to regulate the availability of new psychoactive substances (NPS, “legal highs”, LH). Under the “interim PSA regime” 47 products were permitted to be sold subject to new retail and other regulations. In May 2014, the Government abruptly ended the interim regime following public protests. This thesis aims to critically evaluate the PSA and its implementation. Methods: A mixed methods approach combined qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection and analysis. Legal analysis of the PSA and related legislation, and content analysis of parliamentary debates and public submissions were completed. Semi-structured interviews were then conducted with key informants (KI) including politicians, government officials, health professionals, and LH industry actors (n=30). Questions about health perceptions and social acceptability of approved products were added to an annual survey of police arrestees (n=834). Analyses of primary data included thematic analysis of interview transcripts and statistical analysis of data from the arrestee survey. Results: The legal definition of “psychoactive substance” (s. 8, 9(1) PSA) overlaps with other regulatory regimes (e.g. medicines, dietary supplements) resulting in an unclear legal status for some products. Interviewed KIs identified a number of issues with the “interim regime”, including the safety of interim products, speed and efficiency of withdrawing problem products, the lack of regulations on price and retail opening hours, slowness of developing regulations for the full PSA regime, and the effectiveness of communicating the new policy to stakeholders and the public. As the market commercialised, the LH industry adopted business and lobbying strategies previously attributed to the alcohol and tobacco sectors, including targeting vulnerable customers. Surveyed police arrestees considered approved synthetic cannabis (SC) products higher health risk and less socially acceptable than alcohol, tobacco and many illegal drugs, reflecting problems with interim product approvals. The ban on animal testing of prospective products is likely to prevent further implementation of the PSA, unless a new political consensus is achieved. Conclusions: The issues experienced during PSA implementation highlight the significant challenges of establishing a legal market for psychoactive products. The time, resources and planning required to successfully implement the PSA may have been underestimated

TENDING RELATIONSHIP QUALITY OF YOUNG MIDDLE CLASS An Empirical Study on My Starbucks Reward Members In Semarang

This study aims to examine the effect of perceived benefit in My Starbucks Reward loyalty program in Semarang. Research design used for this study is a modification of previous research about effect of loyalty program in France which was conducted by Mimouni-Chaabane and Volle (2010). The model consists of four independent variables which are monetary benefit, exploratory benefit, social benefit, and ego pleasure. This research also used perceived relationship investment as intervening variable, whereas relationship quality is used as dependent variable. Primary data were collected by using online questionnaire from 60 respondents whom were members of My Starbucks Card and had used the card as payment method in their patron to Starbucks Semarang store. Path analysis method to aalyze the model. The result shows that all independent variables, except Monetary Benefit, have influence upon Perceived Investment Variable. Perceived. Variable Perceived Relationship Investment is found to have positive influence upon relationship quality and to have role as intervening variable