42,172 research outputs found
Rapid characterization of the ultraviolet induced fiber Bragg grating complex coupling coefficient as a function of irradiance and exposure time
We report the application of optical frequency domain reflectometry and a discrete-layer-peeling inverse scattering algorithm to the spatial characterization of the UV induced complex coupling coefficient during fiber Bragg grating growth. The fiber grating is rapidly characterized using this technique to give irradiance dependent growth as a function of exposure time, thereby providing the complete characterization of the coupling coefficient in the form of a "growth surface," which is related to the fiber's photosensitivity. We compare measurements of fiber Bragg grating growth in SMF-28 when exposed to continuous wave 244 nm irradiation from 0 to 90 W cm(-2) for exposure times up to 3230 s with a selection of other fibers including high germanium concentration fiber and erbium doped fiber. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America
The role of electromagnetic trapped modes in extraordinary transmission in nanostructured materials
We assert that the physics underlying the extraordinary light transmission
(reflection) in nanostructured materials can be understood from rather general
principles based on the formal scattering theory developed in quantum
mechanics. The Maxwell equations in passive (dispersive and absorptive) linear
media are written in the form of the Schr\"{o}dinger equation to which the
quantum mechanical resonant scattering theory (the Lippmann-Schwinger
formalism) is applied. It is demonstrated that the existence of long-lived
quasistationary eigenstates of the effective Hamiltonian for the Maxwell theory
naturally explains the extraordinary transmission properties observed in
various nanostructured materials. Such states correspond to quasistationary
electromagnetic modes trapped in the scattering structure. Our general approach
is also illustrated with an example of the zero-order transmission of the
TE-polarized light through a metal-dielectric grating structure. Here a direct
on-the-grid solution of the time-dependent Maxwell equations demonstrates the
significance of resonances (or trapped modes) for extraordinary light
transmissioComment: 14 pages, 6 figures; Discussion in Section 4 expanded; typos
corrected; a reference added; Figure 4 revise
Scattered light in the IUE spectra of Epsilon Aurigae
As a result of this work it was found that light scattered from the longer wavelengths constitutes a small but non-negligible, wavelength and time dependent fraction of the measured flux in the far UV. The reality of the UV excess has not been unambigiously ruled out. However, it is noted that there are still uncertainties in the assumed scattering profile. New measurements of the scattering properties of the cross disperser grating are planned in order to verify the results of Mount and Fastie and extend the wavelength coverage into the far wings of the profile. The results of these measurements will no doubt reduce some of these uncertainties. For the present, it is felt that the BCH approach is a significant improvement over the methods heretofore available for the treatment of scattered light in IUE spectra
Conductance beyond the Landauer limit and charge pumping in quantum wires
Periodically driven systems, which can be described by Floquet theory, have
been proposed to show characteristic behavior that is distinct from static
Hamiltonians. Floquet theory proposes to describe such periodically driven
systems in terms of states that are indexed by a photon number in addition to
the usual Hilbert space of the system. We propose a way to measure directly
this additional Floquet degree of freedom by the measurement of the DC
conductance of a single channel quantum point contact. Specifically, we show
that a single channel wire augmented with a grating structure when irradiated
with microwave radiation can show a DC conductance above the limit of one
conductance quantum set by the Landauer formula. Another interesting feature of
the proposed system is that being non-adiabatic in character, it can be used to
pump a strong gate-voltage dependent photo-current even with linearly polarized
radiation.Comment: 9 pages; 3 figures: Final published version; includes minor revisions
from the last versio
Absence of Floquet scattering in oscillating non-Hermitian potential wells
Scattering of a quantum particle from an oscillating barrier or well does not
generally conserve the particle energy owing to energy exchange with the photon
field, and an incoming particle-free state is scattered into a set of outgoing
(transmitted and reflected) free states according to Floquet scattering theory.
Here we introduce two families of oscillating non-Hermitian potential wells in
which Floquet scattering is fully suppressed for any energy of the incident
particle. The scattering-free oscillating potentials are synthesized by
application of the Darboux transformation to the time-dependent Schr\"{o}dinger
equation. For one of the two families of scattering-free potentials, the
oscillating potential turns out to be fully invisible.Comment: 5 figure
On the influence of resonance photon scattering on atom interference
Here, the influence of resonance photon-atom scattering on the atom
interference pattern at the exit of a three-grating Mach-Zehnder interferometer
is studied. It is assumed that the scattering process does not destroy the
atomic wave function describing the state of the atom before the scattering
process takes place, but only induces a certain shift and change of its phase.
We find that the visibility of the interference strongly depends on the
statistical distribution of transferred momenta to the atom during the
photon-atom scattering event. This also explains the experimentally observed
(Chapman et al 1995 Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 2783) dependence of the visibility on
the ratio d_p/\lambda_i = y'_{12} (2\pi/kd\lambda_i), where y'_{12} is distance
between the place where the scattering event occurs and the first grating, k is
the wave number of the atomic center-of-mass motion, is the grating
constant and \lambda_i is the photon wavelength. Furthermore, it is remarkable
that photon-atom scattering events happen experimentally within the Fresnel
region, i.e. the near field region, associated with the first grating, which
should be taken into account when drawing conclusions about the relevance of
"which-way" information for the interference visibility.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figur
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