6,935 research outputs found
Non-Invasive Ambient Intelligence in Real Life: Dealing with Noisy Patterns to Help Older People
This paper aims to contribute to the field of ambient intelligence from the perspective of real environments, where noise levels in datasets are significant, by showing how machine learning techniques can contribute to the knowledge creation, by promoting software sensors. The created knowledge can be actionable to develop features helping to deal with problems related to minimally labelled datasets. A case study is presented and analysed, looking to infer high-level rules, which can help to anticipate abnormal activities, and potential benefits of the integration of these technologies are discussed in this context. The contribution also aims to analyse the usage of the models for the transfer of knowledge when different sensors with different settings contribute to the noise levels. Finally, based on the authors’ experience, a framework proposal for creating valuable and aggregated knowledge is depicted.This research was partially funded by Fundación Tecnalia Research & Innovation, and J.O.-M. also wants
to recognise the support obtained from the EU RFCS program through project number 793505 ‘4.0 Lean system
integrating workers and processes (WISEST)’ and from the grant PRX18/00036 given by the Spanish Secretaría
de Estado de Universidades, Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación del Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación
y Universidades
Automatic Emphysema Detection using Weakly Labeled HRCT Lung Images
A method for automatically quantifying emphysema regions using
High-Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) scans of patients with chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that does not require manually annotated
scans for training is presented. HRCT scans of controls and of COPD patients
with diverse disease severity are acquired at two different centers. Textural
features from co-occurrence matrices and Gaussian filter banks are used to
characterize the lung parenchyma in the scans. Two robust versions of multiple
instance learning (MIL) classifiers, miSVM and MILES, are investigated. The
classifiers are trained with the weak labels extracted from the forced
expiratory volume in one minute (FEV) and diffusing capacity of the lungs
for carbon monoxide (DLCO). At test time, the classifiers output a patient
label indicating overall COPD diagnosis and local labels indicating the
presence of emphysema. The classifier performance is compared with manual
annotations by two radiologists, a classical density based method, and
pulmonary function tests (PFTs). The miSVM classifier performed better than
MILES on both patient and emphysema classification. The classifier has a
stronger correlation with PFT than the density based method, the percentage of
emphysema in the intersection of annotations from both radiologists, and the
percentage of emphysema annotated by one of the radiologists. The correlation
between the classifier and the PFT is only outperformed by the second
radiologist. The method is therefore promising for facilitating assessment of
emphysema and reducing inter-observer variability.Comment: Accepted at PLoS ON
Designing a gamified social platform for people living with dementia and their live-in family caregivers
In the current paper, a social gamified platform for people living with dementia and their live-in family caregivers, integrating a broader diagnostic approach and interactive interventions is presented. The CAREGIVERSPRO-MMD (C-MMD) platform constitutes a support tool for the patient and the informal caregiver - also referred to as the dyad - that strengthens self-care, and builds community capacity and engagement at the point of care. The platform is implemented to improve social collaboration, adherence to treatment guidelines through gamification, recognition of progress indicators and measures to guide management of patients with dementia, and strategies and tools to improve treatment interventions and medication adherence. Moreover, particular attention was provided on guidelines, considerations and user requirements for the design of a User-Centered Design (UCD) platform. The design of the platform has been based on a deep understanding of users, tasks and contexts in order to improve platform usability, and provide adaptive and intuitive User Interfaces with high accessibility. In this paper, the architecture and services of the C-MMD platform are presented, and specifically the gamification aspects. © 2018 Association for Computing Machinery.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft
Dial It In: Rotating RF Sensors to Enhance Radio Tomography
A radio tomographic imaging (RTI) system uses the received signal strength
(RSS) measured by RF sensors in a static wireless network to localize people in
the deployment area, without having them to carry or wear an electronic device.
This paper addresses the fact that small-scale changes in the position and
orientation of the antenna of each RF sensor can dramatically affect imaging
and localization performance of an RTI system. However, the best placement for
a sensor is unknown at the time of deployment. Improving performance in a
deployed RTI system requires the deployer to iteratively "guess-and-retest",
i.e., pick a sensor to move and then re-run a calibration experiment to
determine if the localization performance had improved or degraded. We present
an RTI system of servo-nodes, RF sensors equipped with servo motors which
autonomously "dial it in", i.e., change position and orientation to optimize
the RSS on links of the network. By doing so, the localization accuracy of the
RTI system is quickly improved, without requiring any calibration experiment
from the deployer. Experiments conducted in three indoor environments
demonstrate that the servo-nodes system reduces localization error on average
by 32% compared to a standard RTI system composed of static RF sensors.Comment: 9 page
AAL platform with a “de facto” standard communication interface (TICO): Training in home control in special education
Framed within a long-term cooperation between university and special education teachers, training in alternative communication skills and home control was realized using the “TICO” interface, a communication panel editor extensively used in special education schools. From a technological view we follow AAL technology trends by integrating a successful interface in a heterogeneous services AAL platform, focusing on a functional view. Educationally, a very flexible interface in line with communication training allows dynamic adjustment of complexity, enhanced by an accessible mindset and virtual elements significance already in use, offers specific interaction feedback, adapts to the evolving needs and capacities and improves the personal autonomy and self-confidence of children at school and home. TICO-home-control was installed during the last school year in the library of a special education school to study adaptations and training strategies to enhance the autonomy opportunities of its pupils. The methodology involved a case study and structured and semi-structured observations. Five children, considered unable to use commercial home control systems were trained obtaining good results in enabling them to use an open home control system. Moreover this AAL platform has proved efficient in training children in previous cognitive steps like virtual representation and cause-effect interaction
Teachers’ Motivational Support, Academic Self-Efficacy and Academic Motivation : The SEM investigation of Naval Cadets’ Engagement
The success of the development of Navy Soldiers in terms of Tanggap, Tanggon, and Trengginas within the context of military education is influenced by the naval cadets’ engagement during the learning process. This study aimed to test the conceptual model of the engagement of naval cadets in learning in terms of teachers’ motivational support, academic self-efficacy, and academic motivation. The data was obtained from 514 naval cadets and analyzed with SEM using the AMOS program. The scale of the University Student Engagement Inventory (USEI), Patterns Adaptive Learning Strategies (PALS), Motivated Strategies Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ), and Teacher as Social Context Questionnaire (TASCQ) were utilized. The results showed that teachers’ motivational support as social facilitators had a significant role in increasing the naval cadets’ engagement in the context of military education through personal facilitators, namely academic self-efficacy and mastery goal orientation. Meanwhile, performance goal orientation did not have a significant contribution as a mediator. This study provided input to naval cadets, lecturers/educators, and military educational institutions to emphasize the importance of the role of teachers' support, academic self-efficacy, and academic motivation
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