The CMS experiment at the CERN LHC

The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector is described. The detector operates at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. It was conceived to study proton-proton (and leadlead) collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 14 TeV (5.5 TeV nucleon-nucleon) and at luminosities up to 1034 cm-2s-1 (1027 cm-2s-1). At the core of the CMS detector sits a high-magnetic field and large-bore superconducting solenoid surrounding an all-silicon pixel and strip tracker, a lead-tungstate scintillating-crystals electromagnetic calorimeter, and a brass-scintillator sampling hadron calorimeter. The iron yoke of the flux-return is instrumented with four stations of muon detectors covering most of the 4π solid angle. Forward sampling calorimeters extend the pseudorapidity coverage to high values (|η| ≤ 5) assuring very good hermeticity. The overall dimensions of the CMS detector are a length of 21.6 m, a diameter of 14.6 m and a total weight of 12500 t

SCADA software-based techniques for the management and improvement of industrial efficiency

SCADA, DCS and BMS systems are prevalent across a range of large industrial and commercial installations. The core research contribution of this thesis was to examine whether suitable, non-time critical, algorithms could be developed for deployment on these style of systems. The objective being to use the existing industry standard low frequency signals, for fault detection and diagnosis, condition based control and performance monitoring. This has indicated the potential for applying academic research in a new fashion across industry to improve operational efficiency. A representative SCADA system was used and the work focussed on the industrial water infrastructure in a deep bed filtration plant, a coal fired power station and a gas turbine research establishment. In the water filtration plant innovative software was developed which diagnosed the location of pipe work blockages. A second programme was developed which passively monitored system variables, giving an indication of filter bed fouling and detecting abnormal system conditions. This functionality was used to provide a robust fault tolerant condition based backwash strategy for the filters. A third programme utilised a novel, threshold based, approach to diagnose the individual severity of combined blockages, allowing condition based back wash to continue, even under extreme abnormal blockage conditions. The second area considered was based upon a cooling process located in a power station. An ideal condenser performance surface was successfully assimilated into SCADA software infrastructure, thus vastly improving on existing manual monitoring approaches and providing operators with real time efficiency information. Associated work at a gas turbine research facility demonstrated the further scope for gathering and displaying efficiency information using SCADA software. The work undertaken proved that a research approach can be encapsulated in non-time critical, low frequency algorithms suitable for application to supervisory systems.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems

This open access book constitutes the proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, TACAS 2022, which was held during April 2-7, 2022, in Munich, Germany, as part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2022. The 46 full papers and 4 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 159 submissions. The proceedings also contain 16 tool papers of the affiliated competition SV-Comp and 1 paper consisting of the competition report. TACAS is a forum for researchers, developers, and users interested in rigorously based tools and algorithms for the construction and analysis of systems. The conference aims to bridge the gaps between different communities with this common interest and to support them in their quest to improve the utility, reliability, exibility, and efficiency of tools and algorithms for building computer-controlled systems

The CMS experiment at the CERN LHC

The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector is described. The detector operates at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. It was conceived to study proton-proton (and lead-lead) collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 14 TeV (5.5 TeV nucleon-nucleon) and at luminosities up to 10^(34) cm^(−2) s^(−1) (10^(27) cm^(−2) s^(−1)). At the core of the CMS detector sits a high-magnetic-field and large-bore superconducting solenoid surrounding an all-silicon pixel and strip tracker, a lead-tungstate scintillating-crystals electromagnetic calorimeter, and a brass-scintillator sampling hadron calorimeter. The iron yoke of the flux-return is instrumented with four stations of muon detectors covering most of the 4π solid angle. Forward sampling calorimeters extend the pseudorapidity coverage to high values (|η| ≤ 5) assuring very good hermeticity. The overall dimensions of the CMS detector are a length of 21.6 m, a diameter of 14.6 m and a total weight of 12500 t

The CMS experiment at the CERN LHC

The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector is described. The detector operates at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. It was conceived to study proton-proton (and lead-lead) collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 14 TeV (5.5 TeV nucleon-nucleon) and at luminosities up to 10^(34) cm^(−2) s^(−1) (10^(27) cm^(−2) s^(−1)). At the core of the CMS detector sits a high-magnetic-field and large-bore superconducting solenoid surrounding an all-silicon pixel and strip tracker, a lead-tungstate scintillating-crystals electromagnetic calorimeter, and a brass-scintillator sampling hadron calorimeter. The iron yoke of the flux-return is instrumented with four stations of muon detectors covering most of the 4π solid angle. Forward sampling calorimeters extend the pseudorapidity coverage to high values (|η| ≤ 5) assuring very good hermeticity. The overall dimensions of the CMS detector are a length of 21.6 m, a diameter of 14.6 m and a total weight of 12500 t

Safety and Reliability - Safe Societies in a Changing World

The contributions cover a wide range of methodologies and application areas for safety and reliability that contribute to safe societies in a changing world. These methodologies and applications include: - foundations of risk and reliability assessment and management - mathematical methods in reliability and safety - risk assessment - risk management - system reliability - uncertainty analysis - digitalization and big data - prognostics and system health management - occupational safety - accident and incident modeling - maintenance modeling and applications - simulation for safety and reliability analysis - dynamic risk and barrier management - organizational factors and safety culture - human factors and human reliability - resilience engineering - structural reliability - natural hazards - security - economic analysis in risk managemen

SCADA software-based techniques for the management and improvement of industrial efficiency

SCADA, DCS and BMS systems are prevalent across a range of large industrial and commercial installations. The core research contribution of this thesis was to examine whether suitable, non-time critical, algorithms could be developed for deployment on these style of systems. The objective being to use the existing industry standard low frequency signals, for fault detection and diagnosis, condition based control and performance monitoring. This has indicated the potential for applying academic research in a new fashion across industry to improve operational efficiency. A representative SCADA system was used and the work focussed on the industrial water infrastructure in a deep bed filtration plant, a coal fired power station and a gas turbine research establishment. In the water filtration plant innovative software was developed which diagnosed the location of pipe work blockages. A second programme was developed which passively monitored system variables, giving an indication of filter bed fouling and detecting abnormal system conditions. This functionality was used to provide a robust fault tolerant condition based backwash strategy for the filters. A third programme utilised a novel, threshold based, approach to diagnose the individual severity of combined blockages, allowing condition based back wash to continue, even under extreme abnormal blockage conditions. The second area considered was based upon a cooling process located in a power station. An ideal condenser performance surface was successfully assimilated into SCADA software infrastructure, thus vastly improving on existing manual monitoring approaches and providing operators with real time efficiency information. Associated work at a gas turbine research facility demonstrated the further scope for gathering and displaying efficiency information using SCADA software. The work undertaken proved that a research approach can be encapsulated in non-time critical, low frequency algorithms suitable for application to supervisory systems