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The effect of blue-light blocking spectacle lenses on visual performance, macular health and the sleep-wake cycle: asystematic review of the literature
Purpose: Blue-blocking (BB) spectacle lenses, which attenuate short-wavelength light, are being marketed to alleviate eyestrain and discomfort when using digital devices, improve sleep quality and potentially confer protection from retinal phototoxicity. The aim of this review was to investigate the relative benefits and potential harms of these lenses.
Methods: We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), recruiting adults from the general population, which investigated the effect of BB spectacle lenses on visual performance, symptoms of eyestrain or eye fatigue, changes to macular integrity and subjective sleep quality. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and clinical trial registers, until 30 April 2017. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool.
Results: Three studies (with 136 participants) met our inclusion criteria; these had limitations in study design and/or implementation. One study compared the effect of BB lenses with clear lenses on contrast sensitivity (CS) and colour vision (CV) using a pseudo-RCT crossover design; there was no observed difference between lens types (log CS; Mean Difference (MD) = −0.01 [−0.03, 0.01], CV total error score on 100-hue; MD = 1.30 [−7.84, 10.44]). Another study measured critical fusion frequency (CFF), as a proxy for eye fatigue, on wearers of low and high BB lenses, pre- and post- a two-hour computer task. There was no observed difference between low BB and standard lens groups, but there was a less negative change in CFF between the high and low BB groups (MD = 1.81 [0.57, 3.05]). Both studies compared eyestrain symptoms with Likert scales. There was no evidence of inter-group differences for either low BB (MD = 0.00 [−0.22, 0.22]) or high BB lenses (MD = −0.05 [−0.31, 0.21]), nor evidence of a difference in the proportion of participants showing an improvement in symptoms of eyestrain or eye fatigue. One study reported a small improvement in sleep quality in people with self-reported insomnia after wearing high compared to low-BB lenses (MD = 0.80 [0.17, 1.43]) using a 10-point Likert scale. A study involving normal participants found no observed difference in sleep quality. We found no studies investigating effects on macular structure or function.
Conclusions: We find a lack of high quality evidence to support using BB spectacle lenses for the general population to improve visual performance or sleep quality, alleviate eye fatigue or conserve macular health
中島敦の「植民地眼鏡」 : 日本は植民地をどう見たか
Japan was the most important non-Western colonial power in the modern period. In this paper, I will shed light on the “eyeglasses” of Japanese colonialismby examining the South Seas (Nan’yō) literature of Nakajima Atsushi. Uponreturning to Japan from a short stint as editor of Japanese language textbooksin Japanese-ruled Micronesia in 1941, Nakajima wrote two collections of storiesbased on his experiences, Nantōtan (Tales of the Southern Islands) and Kanshō(Atolls). The fifth work in the latter collection is a sketch called “Mariyan,” aportrait of a young Micronesian intellectual. The narrator of this story starts by offering the reader a compendium of colonial discourses, or stereotypes, on Nan’yō in order to “explain” Mariyan. Yet he is at the same time pained by the resemblances he discovers between himself and Mariyan: both are objects of a Western orientalizing gaze and hybrid products of cultural colonization. In a second storyin “Atolls” called “High Noon,” a Japanese narrator looks into the sources of hisown stereotypes of the South Seas and attempts to “decolonize” his vision. OgumaEiji argues that Japanese imperialism, as the first modern example of a “coloredimperialism,” differs in many ways from the Western pattern. By studyingNakajima’s Micronesian stories, I explore both the complexity and inconsistencies of Japan’s imperial gaze
Barnes Hospital Bulletin
https://digitalcommons.wustl.edu/bjc_barnes_bulletin/1175/thumbnail.jp
Authoring the Tadaki Family Photo Album
Senior Project submitted to The Division of Social Studies of Bard College
Visual Scoping and Personal Space on Shared Tabletop Surfaces
Information is often shared between participants in meetings using a projector or a large display. Shared touch-based tabletop surface is an emerging technology. The shared display may not be able to accommodate all the information that participants want on the display. Moreover, large amounts of displayed information increase the complexity and clutter making it harder for participants to locate specific pieces of information. Key challenges are thus how to eliminate or hide irrelevant information and how participants can add information without distracting the other participants unintentionally. This study reports a novel approach that addresses these challenges by globally hiding information that is not relevant to all participants by introducing a private area on the public display
Irlen Syndrome: Why the Cool Coloured Shades?
In a world of inclusive education and assistive technologies, it is more important than ever to ensure every member of the class is given the opportunity of a sound education. This may present a challenge when almost every classroom includes students with additional and specific needs. MISViS (Meares-Irlen Syndrome Visual Stress) is one example of a learning disability that will require additional accommodations, but can be readily managed once a teacher is familiar with the individual’s needs
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