19,040 research outputs found
Environmental dynamics, correlations, and the emergence of noncanonical equilibrium states in open quantum systems
Quantum systems are invariably open, evolving under surrounding influences
rather than in isolation. Standard open quantum system methods eliminate all
information on the environmental state to yield a tractable description of the
system dynamics. By incorporating a collective coordinate of the environment
into the system Hamiltonian, we circumvent this limitation. Our theory provides
straightforward access to important environmental properties that would
otherwise be obscured, allowing us to quantify the evolving system-environment
correlations. As a direct result, we show that the generation of robust
system-environment correlations that persist into equilibrium (heralded also by
the emergence of non-Gaussian environmental states) renders the canonical
system steady-state almost always incorrect. The resulting equilibrium states
deviate markedly from those predicted by standard perturbative techniques and
are instead fully characterised by thermal states of the mapped
system-collective coordinate Hamiltonian. We outline how noncanonical system
states could be investigated experimentally to study deviations from canonical
thermodynamics, with direct relevance to molecular and solid-state nanosystems.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, close to published versio
Quantum Thermodynamics
Quantum thermodynamics addresses the emergence of thermodynamical laws from
quantum mechanics. The link is based on the intimate connection of quantum
thermodynamics with the theory of open quantum systems. Quantum mechanics
inserts dynamics into thermodynamics giving a sound foundation to
finite-time-thermodynamics. The emergence of the 0-law I-law II-law and III-law
of thermodynamics from quantum considerations is presented. The emphasis is on
consistence between the two theories which address the same subject from
different foundations. We claim that inconsistency is the result of faulty
analysis pointing to flaws in approximations
Work and entropy production in generalised Gibbs ensembles
Recent years have seen an enormously revived interest in the study of
thermodynamic notions in the quantum regime. This applies both to the study of
notions of work extraction in thermal machines in the quantum regime, as well
as to questions of equilibration and thermalisation of interacting quantum
many-body systems as such. In this work we bring together these two lines of
research by studying work extraction in a closed system that undergoes a
sequence of quenches and equilibration steps concomitant with free evolutions.
In this way, we incorporate an important insight from the study of the dynamics
of quantum many body systems: the evolution of closed systems is expected to be
well described, for relevant observables and most times, by a suitable
equilibrium state. We will consider three kinds of equilibration, namely to (i)
the time averaged state, (ii) the Gibbs ensemble and (iii) the generalised
Gibbs ensemble (GGE), reflecting further constants of motion in integrable
models. For each effective description, we investigate notions of entropy
production, the validity of the minimal work principle and properties of
optimal work extraction protocols. While we keep the discussion general, much
room is dedicated to the discussion of paradigmatic non-interacting fermionic
quantum many-body systems, for which we identify significant differences with
respect to the role of the minimal work principle. Our work not only has
implications for experiments with cold atoms, but also can be viewed as
suggesting a mindset for quantum thermodynamics where the role of the external
heat baths is instead played by the system itself, with its internal degrees of
freedom bringing coarse-grained observables to equilibrium.Comment: 22 pages, 4 figures, improvements in presentatio
Quantum Thermodynamics
Quantum thermodynamics is an emerging research field aiming to extend
standard thermodynamics and non-equilibrium statistical physics to ensembles of
sizes well below the thermodynamic limit, in non-equilibrium situations, and
with the full inclusion of quantum effects. Fuelled by experimental advances
and the potential of future nanoscale applications this research effort is
pursued by scientists with different backgrounds, including statistical
physics, many-body theory, mesoscopic physics and quantum information theory,
who bring various tools and methods to the field. A multitude of theoretical
questions are being addressed ranging from issues of thermalisation of quantum
systems and various definitions of "work", to the efficiency and power of
quantum engines. This overview provides a perspective on a selection of these
current trends accessible to postgraduate students and researchers alike.Comment: 48 pages, improved and expanded several sections. Comments welcom
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