Hadron models and related New Energy issues

The present book covers a wide-range of issues from alternative hadron models to their likely implications in New Energy research, including alternative interpretation of lowenergy reaction (coldfusion) phenomena. The authors explored some new approaches to describe novel phenomena in particle physics. M Pitkanen introduces his nuclear string hypothesis derived from his Topological Geometrodynamics theory, while E. Goldfain discusses a number of nonlinear dynamics methods, including bifurcation, pattern formation (complex GinzburgLandau equation) to describe elementary particle masses. Fu Yuhua discusses a plausible method for prediction of phenomena related to New Energy development. F. Smarandache discusses his unmatter hypothesis, and A. Yefremov et al. discuss Yang-Mills field from Quaternion Space Geometry. Diego Rapoport discusses theoretical link between Torsion fields and Hadronic Mechanic. A.H. Phillips discusses semiconductor nanodevices, while V. and A. Boju discuss Digital Discrete and Combinatorial methods and their likely implications in New Energy research. Pavel Pintr et al. describe planetary orbit distance from modified Schrödinger equation, and M. Pereira discusses his new Hypergeometrical description of Standard Model of elementary particles. The present volume will be suitable for researchers interested in New Energy issues, in particular their link with alternative hadron models and interpretation

Role of Spin-Dependent Interactions in Chemical Reactions and Molecular Physics

This work describes development of theoretical models for applications where spin-dependent interactions play a key role. Specifically, we focus on the spin-orbit and hyperfine interactions in atoms and molecules, which are important for applications in photochemistry, photophysics, materials science, quantum sensing, and quantum computing. In the first part of this work, we discuss development and application of the nonadiabatic statistical theory (NAST) to predict kinetics of spin-forbidden chemical reactions, intersystem crossings and spin-crossovers. We describe the newly developed NAST software package and its capabilities. The package predicts the microcanonical and canonical rate constants for the nonadiabatic spin-orbit coupling driven and traditional adiabatic unimolecular reactions. In addition, the NAST package can calculate the probabilities and rate constants for transitions between individual MS components of the spin multiplets, and process the results of electronic structure calculations to generate the necessary input data for the rate calculations. The second part of this work is motivated by the proposed applications of ultracold atoms in the quantum information science. The ultracold alkali atoms trapped in inert parahydrogen matrix have been shown to possess long coherence times between the hyperfine states |├ F,m_F ⟩┤. The long coherence times make these atoms promising candidates for spin-based qubits and quantum sensors. This coherence is limited by interaction between the electron spin of the alkali metal atom and the host matrix. To explain the experimental coherence times of 39K, 85Rb, 87Rb, and 133Cs atoms, we develop a model of inhomogeneous broadening of the transitions between the |├ F,m_F ⟩┤ states due to the anisotropic hyperfine interaction between the metal and the host matrix. In the third part of this work, we model the effect of extreme variations in the speed of light on the electronic and atomic structures of small molecules. This part of work is motivated by the theories beyond the Standard Model of physics that treat the fundamental constants as dynamic entities

Grid-based methods for chemistry simulations on a quantum computer

First-quantized, grid-based methods for chemistry modeling are a natural and elegant fit for quantum computers. However, it is infeasible to use today’s quantum prototypes to explore the power of this approach because it requires a substantial number of near-perfect qubits. Here, we use exactly emulated quantum computers with up to 36 qubits to execute deep yet resource-frugal algorithms that model 2D and 3D atoms with single and paired particles. A range of tasks is explored, from ground state preparation and energy estimation to the dynamics of scattering and ionization; we evaluate various methods within the split-operator QFT (SO-QFT) Hamiltonian simulation paradigm, including protocols previously described in theoretical papers and our own techniques. While we identify certain restrictions and caveats, generally, the grid-based method is found to perform very well; our results are consistent with the view that first-quantized paradigms will be dominant from the early fault-tolerant quantum computing era onward

Quantum Theory at the Crossroads: Reconsidering the 1927 Solvay Conference

We reconsider the crucial 1927 Solvay conference in the context of current research in the foundations of quantum theory. Contrary to folklore, the interpretation question was not settled at this conference and no consensus was reached; instead, a range of sharply conflicting views were presented and extensively discussed. Today, there is no longer an established or dominant interpretation of quantum theory, so it is important to re-evaluate the historical sources and keep the interpretation debate open. In this spirit, we provide a complete English translation of the original proceedings (lectures and discussions), and give background essays on the three main interpretations presented: de Broglie's pilot-wave theory, Born and Heisenberg's quantum mechanics, and Schroedinger's wave mechanics. We provide an extensive analysis of the lectures and discussions that took place, in the light of current debates about the meaning of quantum theory. The proceedings contain much unexpected material, including extensive discussions of de Broglie's pilot-wave theory (which de Broglie presented for a many-body system), and a "quantum mechanics" apparently lacking in wave function collapse or fundamental time evolution. We hope that the book will contribute to the ongoing revival of research in quantum foundations, as well as stimulate a reconsideration of the historical development of quantum physics. A more detailed description of the book may be found in the Preface. (Copyright by Cambridge University Press (ISBN: 9780521814218).)Comment: 553 pages, 33 figures. Draft of a book (as of Sept. 2006, same as v1). Published in Oct. 2009, with corrections and an appendix, by Cambridge University Press (available at http://www.cambridge.org/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521814218

New Development of Theoretical and Computational Methods for Probing Strong-Field Multiphoton Processes

The study of the strong-field multiphoton processes is a subject of much current significance in physics and chemistry. Recent progress of laser technology has triggered a burst of attosecond science where the electron dynamics plays a vital role in underlying physics. The nonlinear strong-field phenomena, such as multiphoton ionization, multiphoton resonance, high-order harmonic generation, etc, are beyond the perturbative regime and demand novel theoretical approaches for better understanding. This dissertation aims at developing new theoretical and computational methods with innovative spatial and temporal treatments, and delivering comprehensive studies of strong-field multiphoton processes explored by the proposed methods. The time-dependent Voronoi-cell finite difference method is a new grid-based method for electronic structure and dynamics calculations of polyatomic molecules. The spatial part is accurately treated by the Voronoi-cell finite difference method on multicenter molecular grids, featuring high adaptivity and simplicity. The temporal part is solved by the split-operator time propagation technique, allowing accurate and efficient non-perturbative treatment of electronic dynamics in strong fields. The method is applied to self-interaction-free time-dependent density-functional calculations to probe multiphoton processes of polyatomic molecules in intense ultrashort laser fields with arbitrary field-molecule orientation, highlighting the importance of multielectron effects. The generalized Floquet theory is extended for the investigations of an atom in intense frequency-comb laser fields and a qubit system driven by intense oscillating fields. For the frequency-comb laser generated by a temporal train of pulses, the many-mode Floquet theory is extended to treat the interaction of an atom and a series of comb frequencies, demonstrating coherent control of simultaneous multiphoton resonance processes. For the strongly driven qubit, the Floquet theory is extended and its analytic solution is derived to explore multiphoton quantum interference in the superconducting flux qubit

Quantum brane cosmology

This thesis deals with the interaction of quantum mechanical models and cosmologies based on brane universes, an area of active theoretical speculation over the last five years.For convenience, the material has been split into two parts. Part 1 deals with a selection of background topics which are necessary and relevant to the original research. This research is presented in Part 2. In addition, some auxiliary topics, both more elementary and more advanced, are described in the appendices. The selection of background topics has been influenced by the various techniques, physical theories and mathematical technologies which play a major role in the work presented in Part 2. Although the exposition is ad hoc, an attempt has been made to systematically develop portions where the technique (or use of it) may be unfamiliar.A fairly complete treatment of the necessary mathematical scaffolding is supplied. Although important, this material is familiar or strongly mathematical, and is deferred to the appendices. This includes an elementary survey of functional analysis in Appendix A, sufficient to support a discussion of the path integral. The path integral formalism is used extensively throughout this thesis, and, where available, constitutes our preferred representation of quantum mechanics. The discussion is limited to the relevant portions of the theory: functions in Banacli spaces, and the Sturm-Liouville basis (technology which appears many times in Part 2); direct evaluation of Gaussian functional integrals, ubiquitous in field theory calculations; and ((-function regularization of the operator determinants to which such Gaussian integrals give rise, which has a direct application in Chapter 9. In Appendix B we describe the necessary framework of differential geometry which supports general relativity, and low-energy discussions of string theory. All calculations in metric gravity are based on differential geometry, together with a good proportion of the technology which buttresses quantum field theory on curved space time, string theory, and some more advanced representations of quantum mechanics (see below). All of this is used extensively throughout both parts of the thesis. We include some more advanced topological technology which supports the discussion of string compactification. General results from compactification theory, when appropriately interpreted in the brane context, contribute important stability results for zero-modes of the Kaluza—Klein fields, and provide a natural home for the spectral KK technology used (in one form or another) throughout Part 2, but most especially in Chapter 7 and Chapter 8. Einstein gravity and Yang-Mills theory are set in context as examples of connexions on fibre bundles

Symmetries in Quantum Mechanics

Symmetry and quantum mechanics are two of the most fundamental probes we have of nature. This collection of eleven papers discusses new quantum phenomena in atoms, galaxies, and people (quantum cognition), which is a testimonial to the breadth of the influence of symmetry and quantum mechanics. The book represents an international effort of researchers from educational and research institutions in nine countries, including India, Finland, France, Mexico, Norway, Russia, Spain, Turkey, and the United States. The papers can be divided into four broad categories: Fundamentals of quantum systems, including a new derivation of the uncertainty principle from optimal stochastic control theory, a new model of energy transfer between atoms with no wave function collapse, a new asymmetric optical micro-device with the remarkable property of showing a current with no applied voltage, and a model of quantum cognition to predict the effect of irrelevant information on decision making. 2. Algebraic methods in quantum mechanics, describing an elegant derivation of hydrogen atom Stark effect matrix elements, and a new group theoretical method for the computation of radiative shifts. Teleportation and scattering, including a method to improve the information transfer in teleportation, and the use of permutation symmetry to compute scattering cross sections. Cosmology, including scalar-tensor theory applied to inflation, the characterization of new Levi-Cevita space-times, and a comprehensive analysis of gravitational dispersion forces

NEUTROSOPHIC LOGIC, WAVE MECHANICS, AND OTHER STORIES

There is beginning for anything; we used to hear that phrase. The same wisdom word applies to the authors too. What began in 2005 as a short email on some ideas related to interpretation of the Wave Mechanics results in a number of papers and books up to now. Some of these papers can be found in Progress in Physics or elsewhere. It is often recognized that when a mathematician meets a physics-inclined mind then the result is either a series of endless debates or publication. In this story, authors preferred to publish rather than perish. Therefore, the purpose with this book is to present a selection of published papers in a compilation which enable the readers to find some coherent ideas which appear in those articles. For this reason, the ordering of the papers here is based on categories of ideas