Can tight necktie be a risk factor in development and progression of primary- Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG)?

Tight neckties have been documented to alter intraocular pressure (IOP) and thus may be a risk factor in the development and progression of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Many professionals and white- collar jobs require the use of neckties for the greater part of the day. Tight neckties wearers are unaware of its effect on intraocular pressure and glaucoma. This study investigated the effect of tight neckties on intraocular pressure (IOP)measurement using Perkins applanation tonometry method. Eighty eyes of normal 40 subjects and 40 primary open angle glaucoma patients were enrolled. IOP, blood pressure and pulse rate were measured with an open shirt collar and 5 minutes after placing a tight necktie. All measurements were made by the same examiner. The results showed significant (

Evaluation of fingerprint development reagents for biological stain detection

Some latent fingerprint development techniques rely on the reaction with amino acids within the fingerprint and then either change in color or fluoresce to help visualize this fingerprint. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and are present in all biological fluid. Thus, these developers should be able to also locate biological stains. In a previous study, ninhydrin was shown to be able to locate biological stains. Two more latent fingerprint developers are introduced as possible universal biological stain detectors: 1,8-diazafluoren-9-one (DFO), and 1,2-indanedione (1,2-IND). Five biological stains were used to test these chemicals: 1:500 diluted blood, saliva, semen, sweat, and urine. A new heating method was also introduced for a more portable application. The hair dryer heating method was optimized for the three chemicals with two traditional oven heating methods: the oven setting at 70oC and the oven setting at 100oC. These chemicals were also examined for their effectiveness on aged samples. Samples aged for three different time intervals were used: 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 16 weeks. The hair dryer heating method was found to be viable for all three chemicals for each of the biological stains except the 1:500 diluted blood. With the application of the hair dryer for less than 3 minutes, most stains were visible for all three chemicals. 1,2-IND gave slightly different color changes for sweat and the other biological stains. This property can possibly be used to guide subsequent specific body fluids testing. All three chemicals lost their effectiveness as the stain became older. One-month-old stains still gave similar results as fresh stains, but after 2 months, the color became fainter and was barely visible after 4 months. The next stage of this study applied these chemicals as a guide for wearer DNA extraction from worn clothing. Sampling for wearer DNA has mostly been an educated guess with little guidance as to where an abundance of DNA is located. Fingerprint developers can react with amino acids, and cells contain abundant amino acids. Thus, these chemicals may react more to areas with abundant cells. Wearer DNA was extracted from collars of donated shirts before and after the chemical applications to determine the effectiveness of these chemicals as DNA detectors. Of the three collars tested, ninhydrin reacted completely with two of the collars, making any distinction between areas with abundant DNA and areas with no DNA difficult. In addition, the quantitation data of the ninhydrin samples showed no advantage in using ninhydrin as a wearer DNA locator. DFO was shown to have some detrimental effects on the DNA or the DNA extraction and quantitation process. The quantitation data for DFO also showed no advantage in using DFO as a wearer DNA locator. 1,2-IND showed promising results and was the most likely candidate as a wearer DNA locator. All areas that reacted with 1,2-IND produced at least one sample having higher than 0.01 nanograms per microliter of DNA and would be considered viable for DNA profiling

Dollar-Off or Percent-Off? Discount Framing, Construal Levels, and Advertising Appeals

In two studies, the authors reveal how consumers react to marketing messages when two commonly used promotional tactics – price discounts and advertising messages – are synergized. Building on construal level theory, Study 1 shows how dollar-off discount framings (“Buy 2, get $10 off”) trigger low-level construal, while percent-off discount framings (“Buy 2, Get 50% off”) activate high-level construal. Study 2 demonstrates that congruent levels are matched when dollar-off discount appeals are paired with attribute appeals and when percent-off appeals are paired with benefit appeals, leading to more effective marketing communications

Delphine Red Shirt: George Sword's Warrior Narratives: Compositional Processes in Lakota Oral Tradition

George Sword an Oglala Lakota (1846–1914) learned to write in order to transcribe and preserve his people’s oral narratives. In her book Delphine Red Shirt, also Oglala Lakota and a native speaker, examines the compositional processes of George Sword and shows how his writings reflect recurring themes and story patterns of the Lakota oral tradition. Her book invites further studies in several areas including literature, translation studies and more. My review of her book suggests some ways it could be used as a primary resource book in developing curricula in Indigenous philosoph

Spartan Daily, March 15, 1939

Volume 27, Issue 104https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/spartandaily/2894/thumbnail.jp

The interaction between clothing and air weapon pellets

Comparatively few studies have been carried out on air weapon injuries yet there are significant number of injuries and fatalities caused by these low power weapons because of their availability and the public perception that because they need no licence they are assumed to be safe. In this study ballistic gel was tested by Bloom and rupture tests to check on consistency of production. Two series of tests were carried out firing into unclothed gel blocks and blocks loosely covered by different items of clothing to simulate attire (tee shirt, jeans, fleece, and jacket).The damage to the clothing caused by different shaped pellets when fired at different ranges was examined. The apparent hole size was affected by the shape of pellet (round, pointed, flat and hollow point) and whether damage was predominantly caused by pushing yarn to one side or by laceration of the yarn through cutting or tearing.The study also compared penetration into clothed gel and unclothed gel under identical conditions, and loose clothing greatly reduced penetration. With loose clothing at 9.1 m range clothing reduced penetration to 50–70% of the penetration of unclothed gel but at 18.3 m range only 7 out of 36 shots penetrated the gel. This cannot be accounted for by the energy loss at the longer range (3–7% reduction from 9.1 m to 18.3 m range in unclothed gels) and it is suggested that impulse may have a role to play.Shots that did not penetrate the gel were used to estimate the possible stopping time for the pellet (around 75 μs) and force (1700 N) or stress (100 MPa) required to bring the pellet to a halt.Even with these low energy projectiles, cloth fibres were entrained in the gel showing the potential for penetration of the body and subsequent infection