A taxonomy of cyber-physical threats and impact in the smart home

In the past, home automation was a small market for technology enthusiasts. Interconnectivity between devices was down to the owner’s technical skills and creativity, while security was non-existent or primitive, because cyber threats were also largely non-existent or primitive. This is not the case any more. The adoption of Internet of Things technologies, cloud computing, artificial intelligence and an increasingly wide range of sensing and actuation capabilities has led to smart homes that are more practical, but also genuinely attractive targets for cyber attacks. Here, we classify applicable cyber threats according to a novel taxonomy, focusing not only on the attack vectors that can be used, but also the potential impact on the systems and ultimately on the occupants and their domestic life. Utilising the taxonomy, we classify twenty five different smart home attacks, providing further examples of legitimate, yet vulnerable smart home configurations which can lead to second-order attack vectors. We then review existing smart home defence mechanisms and discuss open research problems

Car Logo Theft Detection Using Raspberry Pi Technology

In this paper we exhibit an answer on the most proficient method to ensure the auto logo with reasonable expense. Here, we make an endeavor to build up a framework in light of raspberry pi-2 innovation. With this framework when somebody is attempting to take the auto logo it alarms the auto proprietor when he is at closest separation and in addition when he is far from the auto. When somebody is attempting to take the auto logo it cautions the auto proprietor with alert when he is at closest separation. In any case, with this caution it is unrealistic to alarm the auto proprietor who can't hear that alert. So all things considered we can utilize GSM system to send the instant message to the auto proprietor at his telephone. Added to this the auto proprietor will get the caught picture of that cheat

Fast-prototyping Approach to Design and Validate Architectures for Smart Home

The Internet of Things has contributed to make smarter houses and buildings in the last decades. Different existing works already integrate IoT technologies in homes, but end-user needs continuously change and researchers must face this challenge in identifying platforms to fast prototype solutions satisfying these new needs. This paper presents a solution that demonstrates how well-known fast-prototyping technologies like Node-RED, IBM Watson, Telegram, Raspberry Pi 4, and secured MQTT can contribute to develop complex systems facing the challenge. The selected tools are used within a smart home context to support features inspired by people needs and allow users to: a) consult real time conditions (i.e., temperature, humidity, gas), b) remotely manage lights, c) save energy through a light management system based on user movements, d) remotely monitor the house through dedicated webcams, e) generate warning notifications in case of danger. Users can interact with the systems through a web Node-RED dashboard and a Telegram bot. Differently from existing works, the feasibility of the implemented system and the efficacy of the exploited platforms are demonstrated through a running scenario extracted from a consolidated study on user needs in smart homes. The performed experiment can facilitate the fast prototyping of new solutions

State of the Art, Trends and Future of Bluetooth Low Energy, Near Field Communication and Visible Light Communication in the Development of Smart Cities

The current social impact of new technologies has produced major changes in all areas of society, creating the concept of a smart city supported by an electronic infrastructure, telecommunications and information technology. This paper presents a review of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), Near Field Communication (NFC) and Visible Light Communication (VLC) and their use and influence within different areas of the development of the smart city. The document also presents a review of Big Data Solutions for the management of information and the extraction of knowledge in an environment where things are connected by an “Internet of Things” (IoT) network. Lastly, we present how these technologies can be combined together to benefit the development of the smart city

Rakennuksen käyttöjärjestelmän luonti: kokonaisvaltainen lähestymistapa

Purpose of this thesis is to examine requirements for a building operating system from a holistic perspective. To understand the context of the subject, an extensive literature review was carried out which explores the evolution of operating systems alongside the history of computing, unravelling the concept of an operating system. In addition, various building information systems, including building automation systems and internet of things systems are reviewed in order to understand modern and future trends of building technology. Furthermore, literature review investigates telecommunications and digital identity authentication through their evolution and standardisation towards interoperability, to provide knowledge on how to achieve interoperability in building systems. An interview study was conducted as the empirical part of the study in order to complement the theoretical framework of the thesis. A dozen building digitalisation experts were interviewed, inquiring their insights on the current and future situation of building systems. More closely, open systems, open data, platform ownership, disruption, killer applications, user-centredness, and Finland’s opportunities were discussed in respect of the building operating system. Building operating system requires connection between various technology inside a building, and collaboration between various parties who use and manage the building. The system should exploit open standards and enable open data. User-centred development should be encouraged for the benefits of end users. The system needs to expand globally to achieve critical mass and unleash its full potential as a platform. Each building with similar properties should have the same features, being able to use same services and applications in any building with an operating system, thus enabling portability. The system requires convenient software development kits, application programming interfaces and abstractions for the needs of software and service developers. A vibrant developer community is required to expand the platform and enable a wide range of services and applications.Tämän diplomityön tarkoituksena on tutkia rakennuksen käyttöjärjestelmän holistisia vaatimuksia. Laaja kirjallisuuskatsaus tehtiin aiheen ymmärtämiseksi, joka tutkii käyttöjärjestelmien evoluutiota rinnakkain tietojenkäsittelyn historian kanssa, tarkoituksena hahmottaa käyttöjärjestelmän käsitettä. Lisäksi, eri rakennusten tietojärjestelmiä, mukaan lukien rakennusautomaatiojärjestelmiä ja esineiden internet -järjestelmiä käytiin läpi ymmärtääkseen nykyisiä ja tulevia trendejä rakennusteknologiassa. Edelleen kirjallisuuskatsaus tutkii televiestintää ja sähköistä tunnistautumista niiden kehityksen ja standardisoinnin kautta kohti yhteentoimivuutta, tarjoten tietoa siitä, miten yhteentoimivuutta voitaisiin kehittää rakennusjärjestelmissä. Haastattelututkimus tehtiin diplomityön empiirisenä osuutena, jonka tarkoituksena oli laajentaa työn teoreettista viitekehystä. Tusina rakennusten digitalisaation asiantuntijaa haastateltiin, joilta kysyttiin rakennusjärjestelmien nykytilasta ja tulevaisuudesta. Lähemmin, keskustelut käsittelivät avoimia järjestelmiä, avointa dataa, alustan omistajuutta, disruptiota, menestyssovelluksia, käyttäjäkeskeisyyttä sekä Suomen kansainvälistä potentiaalia rakennuksen käyttöjärjestelmän näkökulmasta. Rakennuksen käyttöjärjestelmä vaatii rakennuksen sisällä olevien eri teknologioiden yhteenliittämisen, sekä yhteistyötä rakennusta käyttävien ja hallinnoivien osapuolten välillä. Järjestelmän pitäisi hyödyntää avoimia standardeja ja mahdollistaa avoimen datan käytön. Käyttäjäkeskeistä suunnittelua pitäisi kannustaa loppukäyttäjien etuja suosien. Järjestelmän täytyy levitä globaalisti saavuttaakseen kriittisen massan ja ottaakseen käyttöön sen koko potentiaalin. Jokaisella samankaltaisella rakennuksella täytyisi olla käytössään yhtäläiset ominaisuudet, mahdollistaen samojen palveluiden ja sovellusten käytön missä tahansa käyttöjärjestelmää käyttävässä rakennuksessa, täten mahdollistaen siirrettävyyden. Järjestelmä vaatii sopivat ohjelmointirajapinnat, abstraktiot ja ohjelmistokehykset sovellus- ja palvelukehittäjien tarpeita varten. Laaja kehitysyhteisö vaaditaan alustan levittämiseksi ja sovellustarjonnan laajentamiseksi

BMP : un protocole de communication basé sur la distance entre les objets de l'Internet des objets

La quatrième révolution technologique est en marche et stimule des avancées majeures dans les domaines de l’intelligence artificielle et de l’Internet des objets. Cette thèse s’intéresse aux communications entre les objets intelligents. Une revue de la littérature scientifique sur le sujet permet de constater que les protocoles créés pour ces communications s’appuient sur les méthodes de fonctionnement établies à l’époque de la communication entre postes informatiques fixes. Cette thèse propose un nouveau protocole de communication abandonnant ces idées pour plutôt s’appuyer sur la notion de position des objets. Le protocole se nomme BMP, pour Bounded Message Protocol. Les caractéristiques principales du protocole sont que tous les messages sont envoyés en mode diffusion et que la propagation s’arrête lorsqu’une distance du point d’émission est atteinte. Les messages de ce protocole présentent aussi une durée de vie au bout de laquelle chaque message doit être détruit. Ce protocole est conçu pour être léger avec un en-tête minimal à son fonctionnement. Deux implémentations sont réalisées. Une première est en C++ et est utilisée sur des microcontrôleurs de type Arduino. L’expérience réalisée avec cette implémentation permet de valider le bon fonctionnement des mécanismes de contrôle de BMP. Une deuxième implémentation est en Java et est utilisée sur des tablettes et téléphones Android. L’implémentation est utilisée pour un scénario imitant la vie réelle dans un appartement intelligent et confirme que BMP fonctionne dans ce type d’environnement. Parallèlement à BMP, cette thèse présente IPADL (pour Indoor Positioning for Activities of Daily Living), une méthode de positionnement d’objets devant permettre l’usage de BMP à l’intérieur des bâtiments. IPADL utilise des arbres de décision pour convertir un vecteur de puissances de signal issues d’antennes RFID en une position approximative. La méthode est améliorée par l’addition de mesures statistiques sur les puissances

The survey on Near Field Communication

PubMed ID: 26057043Near Field Communication (NFC) is an emerging short-range wireless communication technology that offers great and varied promise in services such as payment, ticketing, gaming, crowd sourcing, voting, navigation, and many others. NFC technology enables the integration of services from a wide range of applications into one single smartphone. NFC technology has emerged recently, and consequently not much academic data are available yet, although the number of academic research studies carried out in the past two years has already surpassed the total number of the prior works combined. This paper presents the concept of NFC technology in a holistic approach from different perspectives, including hardware improvement and optimization, communication essentials and standards, applications, secure elements, privacy and security, usability analysis, and ecosystem and business issues. Further research opportunities in terms of the academic and business points of view are also explored and discussed at the end of each section. This comprehensive survey will be a valuable guide for researchers and academicians, as well as for business in the NFC technology and ecosystem.Publisher's Versio

Mobile KNX: Design, development and analysis of a mobile network bridge for Domotic systems

In the last few years, the need to easily control the electrical devices has been manifested with more persistence. This is due to the increasing of energy consumption and the introduction of new concepts, such as green homes and building automation systems. To find a solution to this demand, several companies have focused on the development of infrastructure for remote management system of automation building applications. Based on well-defined protocols and systems for automation building structures, in the current market there are several applications that permit to clients to meet this request. However, it is still possible to improve their quality pushing on automation. Therefore, a central system for automatically processing and sharing the configuration data has been developed, leaving to mobile devices only the task to render it, in order to allow a client to control all the “smart” devices in an automation building system. This project has focused on developing an application that would provide a system of transaction between mobile and automation building world. In addition, a mobile application has been developed for several mobile operating systems and architectures. The work was completed with a testing phase, without the use of simulators, focused on ease of use and speed of access to its devices, which has shown the validity of this idea. The results obtained have given a new set of real data on which basing future developments and also a basis for a different approach to the proble

A novel three stage network joining protocol for home automation

Modern advances in electronics and communication technology have given rise to the development of several home automation technologies and systems. Current home automation systems have several drawbacks including high cost, not being of a Do It Yourself (DIY) nature, and there is currently no safe way for a simple Internet of Things (IoT) device to join a Local Area Network (LAN) without the addition of extra user interface hardware. The simplest IoT devices, for example a mains power switch, could contain just a cheap Wi-Fi interface and very limited computing capability. Such devices are already available for under US $4 but are not usable in the IoT context as they lack the ability to join a Wi-Fi network in a secure DIY manner. The ability to securely join IoT Devices to Wi-Fi networks is an on-going area of research. This thesis describes a novel three-stage network joining protocol, which that allows IoT devices to securely join a Wi-Fi network even if they completely lack a user interface. This protocol can eliminate a central controller for a home automation system and allow users to purchase off the shelf devices from a range of manufactures and control them by a PC or mobile device in a very simple manner. This new method will significantly reduce costs as the system and does not require expert configuration or a central controller. This in turn may help revitalize the home automation industry, which has not seen great penetration into suburban homes. The protocol is implemented using a WPA2 based LAN, an Android phone and a Raspberry Pi which represents an IoT device lacking any form of keyboard and display. The method allows cost reductions for simple IoT devices and is suitable for immediate adoption by manufacturers of IoT devices