Hadron models and related New Energy issues

The present book covers a wide-range of issues from alternative hadron models to their likely implications in New Energy research, including alternative interpretation of lowenergy reaction (coldfusion) phenomena. The authors explored some new approaches to describe novel phenomena in particle physics. M Pitkanen introduces his nuclear string hypothesis derived from his Topological Geometrodynamics theory, while E. Goldfain discusses a number of nonlinear dynamics methods, including bifurcation, pattern formation (complex GinzburgLandau equation) to describe elementary particle masses. Fu Yuhua discusses a plausible method for prediction of phenomena related to New Energy development. F. Smarandache discusses his unmatter hypothesis, and A. Yefremov et al. discuss Yang-Mills field from Quaternion Space Geometry. Diego Rapoport discusses theoretical link between Torsion fields and Hadronic Mechanic. A.H. Phillips discusses semiconductor nanodevices, while V. and A. Boju discuss Digital Discrete and Combinatorial methods and their likely implications in New Energy research. Pavel Pintr et al. describe planetary orbit distance from modified Schrödinger equation, and M. Pereira discusses his new Hypergeometrical description of Standard Model of elementary particles. The present volume will be suitable for researchers interested in New Energy issues, in particular their link with alternative hadron models and interpretation

Zero-energy bound state decay for non-local Schrödinger operators

We consider solutions of the eigenvalue equation at zero energy for a class of non-local Schrödinger operators with potentials decreasing to zero at infinity. Using a path integral approach, we obtain detailed results on the spatial decay at infinity of both L2 and resonance solutions. We highlight the interplay of the kinetic term and the potential in these decay behaviours, and identify the decay mechanisms resulting from specific balances of global lifetimes with or without the potential.<br

Exploring spacetime phenomenology: from Lorentz violations to experimental tests of non-locality

This thesis deals primarily with the phenomenology associated to quantum aspects of spacetime. In particular, it aims at exploring the phenomenological consequences of a fundamental discreteness of the spacetime fabric, as predicted by several quantum gravity models and strongly hinted by many theoretical insights. The first part of this work considers a toy-model of emergent spacetime in the context of analogue gravity. The way in which a relativistic Bose\u2013 Einstein condensate can mimic, under specific configurations, the dynamics of a scalar theory of gravity will be investigated. This constitutes proof-ofconcept that a legitimate dynamical Lorentzian spacetime may emerge from non-gravitational (discrete) degrees of freedom. Remarkably, this model will emphasize the fact that in general, even when arising from a relativistic system, any emergent spacetime is prone to show deviations from exact Lorentz invariance. This will lead us to consider Lorentz Invariance Violations as first candidate for a discrete spacetime phenomenology. Having reviewed the current constraints on Lorentz Violations and studied in depth viable resolutions of their apparent naturalness problem, the second part of this thesis focusses on models based on Lorentz invariance. In the context of Casual Set theory, the coexistence of Lorentz invariance and discreteness leads to an inherently nonlocal scalar field theory over causal sets well approximating a continuum spacetime. The quantum aspects of the theory in flat spacetime will be studied and the consequences of its non-locality will be spelled out. Noticeably, these studies will lend support to a possible dimensional reduction at small scales and, in a classical setting, show that the scalar field is characterized by a universal nonminimal coupling when considered in curved spacetimes. Finally, the phenomenological possibilities for detecting this non-locality will be investigated. First, by considering the related spontaneous emission of particle detectors, then by developing a phenomenological model to test nonlocal effects using opto-mechanical, non-relativistic systems. In both cases, one could be able to cast in the near future stringent bounds on the non-locality scale

Unification of Relativistic and Quantum Mechanics from Elementary Cycles Theory

In Elementary Cycles theory elementary quantum particles are consistently described as the manifestation of ultra-fast relativistic spacetime cyclic dynamics, classical in the essence. The peculiar relativistic geometrodynamics of Elementary Cycles theory yields de facto a unification of ordinary relativistic and quantum physics. In particular its classical-relativistic cyclic dynamics reproduce exactly from classical physics first principles all the fundamental aspects of Quantum Mechanics, such as all its axioms, the Feynman path integral, the Dirac quantisation prescription (second quantisation), quantum dynamics of statistical systems, non-relativistic quantum mechanics, atomic physics, superconductivity, graphene physics and so on. Furthermore the theory allows for the explicit derivation of gauge interactions, without postulating gauge invariance, directly from relativistic geometrodynamical transformations, in close analogy with the description of gravitational interaction in general relativity. In this paper we summarise some of the major achievements, rigorously proven also in several recent peer-reviewed papers, of this innovative formulation of quantum particle physics.Comment: 35 page

Magnetic micro-confinement of quantum degenerate gases

In this dissertation we explore the basic principles of the magnetic micro-confinement of the quantum degenerate gases where the approach of the so-called two-dimensional magnetic lattices has been theoretically and experimentally investigated. In this research a new generation of two-dimensional magnetic lattice has been proposed and considered as a developing phase for the previous approaches. Its advantage relies on introducing a simplified method to create single or multiple micro-traps of magnetic field local minima distributed, at a certain working distance, above the surface of a thin film of permanent magnetic material. The simplicity in creating the magnetic field local minima at the micro-scale manifests itself as a result of imprinting specific patterns through the thin film using suitable and available micro-fabrication techniques. In this approach, to create multiple micro-traps, patterned square holes of size αh X αh spaced by αs are periodically distributed across the x/y plane taking a two-dimensional grid configuration. These magnetic field local minima are recognized by their ability to trap and confine quantum single-particles and quantum degenerate gases at various levels of distribution in their phase spaces, such as ultracold atoms and virtual quantum particles. Based on the nature of the interaction between the external confining potential fields and the different types of quantum particles, this research is conducted through two separate but not different phases. We performed theoretical and/or experimental investigations, for both phases, at the vicinity of the magnetic micro-confinement and its suitability for trapping quantum particles. A special attention is paid to inspect the coherence in such systems defined in terms of providing an accessible coupling to the internal quantum states of the magnetically trapped particles. Such coherence is considered as one of the important ingredients for simulating condensed matter systems and processing quantum information

Investigations on Effective Electromagnetic and Gravitational Scenarios

The work aims effective and low-dimensional systems. Some different contexts involving gravitational and electromagnetic interactions are investigated. The electromagnetic one approaches bosonic and fermionic Effective Quantum Field Theories non-minimally coupled in three spacetime dimensions submitted to the expansion of Foldy-Wouthuysen Transformation, what generates (non-)relativistic corrections. A study of the effects of an external electromagnetic field derived from the Maxwell-Chern-Simons Electrodynamics on the obtained interactions are executed, as well as the impact produced by the dimensional reduction on expanded higher dimensional fermionic system in comparison to the low-dimensional one. In the scenario of gravitational effective model, scalar and fermionic particle scatterings reveal inter-particles interactions beyond monopole-monopole, leading to velocity and spin contributions, and the results are compared to a modified Electrodynamics effective model. A non-perturbative model resourcing to Casual Dynamics Triangulation data is adopted to serve as consistency check of the potentials resultants. Low-dimensional Maxwell-Higgs effective models with modified kinetic terms are studied, submitting them to a Bogomol'nyi prescription-type for calculation of inferior (non-trivial) bound energy and the self-dual equations. Vortex solutions for gauge field non-specified by an ansatz are achieved and their topological feature detailed

Many Body Quantum Chaos

This editorial remembers Shmuel Fishman, one of the founding fathers of the research field "quantum chaos", and puts into context his contributions to the scientific community with respect to the twelve papers that form the special issue

Symmetries in Quantum Mechanics

Symmetry and quantum mechanics are two of the most fundamental probes we have of nature. This collection of eleven papers discusses new quantum phenomena in atoms, galaxies, and people (quantum cognition), which is a testimonial to the breadth of the influence of symmetry and quantum mechanics. The book represents an international effort of researchers from educational and research institutions in nine countries, including India, Finland, France, Mexico, Norway, Russia, Spain, Turkey, and the United States. The papers can be divided into four broad categories: Fundamentals of quantum systems, including a new derivation of the uncertainty principle from optimal stochastic control theory, a new model of energy transfer between atoms with no wave function collapse, a new asymmetric optical micro-device with the remarkable property of showing a current with no applied voltage, and a model of quantum cognition to predict the effect of irrelevant information on decision making. 2. Algebraic methods in quantum mechanics, describing an elegant derivation of hydrogen atom Stark effect matrix elements, and a new group theoretical method for the computation of radiative shifts. Teleportation and scattering, including a method to improve the information transfer in teleportation, and the use of permutation symmetry to compute scattering cross sections. Cosmology, including scalar-tensor theory applied to inflation, the characterization of new Levi-Cevita space-times, and a comprehensive analysis of gravitational dispersion forces