Time Pressure and System Delays in Information Search

We report preliminary results of the impact of time pres- sure and system delays on search behavior from a laboratory study with forty-three participants. To induce time pres- sure, we randomly assigned half of our study participants to a treatment condition where they were only allowed five minutes to search for each of four ad-hoc search topics. The other half of the participants were given no task time limits. For half of participants’ search tasks (n=2), five second de- lays were introduced after queries were submitted and SERP results were clicked. Results showed that participants in the time pressure condition queried at a significantly higher rate, viewed significantly fewer documents per query, had significantly shallower hover and view depths, and spent sig- nificantly less time examining documents and SERPs. We found few significant differences in search behavior for sys- tem delay or interaction effects between time pressure and system delay. These initial results show time pressure has a significant impact on search behavior and suggest the de- sign of search interfaces and features that support people who are searching under time pressure

Examining the effect of task stage and topic knowledge on searcher interaction with a “digital bookstore”

This paper reports some results from the experiment of the 2010 INEX interactive track. The experiment was designed to let searchers simulate being at two distinct stages of a work task process. Data were also collected on the test participants' topic knowledge. We have performed statistical analysis of the collected data to study differences with respect to relevance judgments and use of different types of metadata, at the different stages and for users with high and low topic knowledge

Risk and Ambiguity in Information Seeking:Eye Gaze Patterns Reveal Contextual Behavior in Dealing with Uncertainty

Information foraging connects optimal foraging theory in ecology with how humans search for information. The theory suggests that, following an information scent, the information seeker must optimize the tradeoff between exploration by repeated steps in the search space vs. exploitation, using the resources encountered. We conjecture that this tradeoff characterizes how a user deals with uncertainty and its two aspects, risk and ambiguity in economic theory. Risk is related to the perceived quality of the actually visited patch of information, and can be reduced by exploiting and understanding the patch to a better extent. Ambiguity, on the other hand, is the opportunity cost of having higher quality patches elsewhere in the search space. The aforementioned tradeoff depends on many attributes, including traits of the user: at the two extreme ends of the spectrum, analytic and wholistic searchers employ entirely different strategies. The former type focuses on exploitation first, interspersed with bouts of exploration, whereas the latter type prefers to explore the search space first and consume later. Based on an eye-tracking study of experts' interactions with novel search interfaces in the biomedical domain, we demonstrate that perceived risk shifts the balance between exploration and exploitation in either type of users, tilting it against vs. in favour of ambiguity minimization. Since the pattern of behaviour in information foraging is quintessentially sequential, risk and ambiguity minimization cannot happen simultaneously, leading to a fundamental limit on how good such a tradeoff can be. This in turn connects information seeking with the emergent field of quantum decision theory.Comment: 20 pages, 3 figure

Recommandation de séquences d’activités en contexte mobile et dynamique

National audienceLa recommandation de séquences d'activités spatio-temporelles (Points d'Intérêts, POIs) est de plus en plus utile et demandée avec la pénétration des systèmes de localisation et des réseaux géo-sociaux dans la vie quotidienne. Nous proposons une approche personnalisée de recommandation de séquences d'activités en contexte mobile et dynamique

Recommandation de séquences d’activités en contexte mobile et dynamique

National audienceLa recommandation de séquences d'activités spatio-temporelles (Points d'Intérêts, POIs) est de plus en plus utile et demandée avec la pénétration des systèmes de localisation et des réseaux géo-sociaux dans la vie quotidienne. Nous proposons une approche personnalisée de recommandation de séquences d'activités en contexte mobile et dynamique