4 research outputs found
Artificial Collective Intelligence Engineering: a Survey of Concepts and Perspectives
Collectiveness is an important property of many systems--both natural and
artificial. By exploiting a large number of individuals, it is often possible
to produce effects that go far beyond the capabilities of the smartest
individuals, or even to produce intelligent collective behaviour out of
not-so-intelligent individuals. Indeed, collective intelligence, namely the
capability of a group to act collectively in a seemingly intelligent way, is
increasingly often a design goal of engineered computational systems--motivated
by recent techno-scientific trends like the Internet of Things, swarm robotics,
and crowd computing, just to name a few. For several years, the collective
intelligence observed in natural and artificial systems has served as a source
of inspiration for engineering ideas, models, and mechanisms. Today, artificial
and computational collective intelligence are recognised research topics,
spanning various techniques, kinds of target systems, and application domains.
However, there is still a lot of fragmentation in the research panorama of the
topic within computer science, and the verticality of most communities and
contributions makes it difficult to extract the core underlying ideas and
frames of reference. The challenge is to identify, place in a common structure,
and ultimately connect the different areas and methods addressing intelligent
collectives. To address this gap, this paper considers a set of broad scoping
questions providing a map of collective intelligence research, mostly by the
point of view of computer scientists and engineers. Accordingly, it covers
preliminary notions, fundamental concepts, and the main research perspectives,
identifying opportunities and challenges for researchers on artificial and
computational collective intelligence engineering.Comment: This is the author's final version of the article, accepted for
publication in the Artificial Life journal. Data: 34 pages, 2 figure
Life Expansion: Toward an Artistic, Design-Based Theory of the Transhuman / Posthuman
The thesisâ study of life expansion proposes a framework for artistic, design-based
approaches concerned with prolonging human life and sustaining personal identity. To
delineate the topic: life expansion means increasing the length of time a person is alive and
diversifying the matter in which a person exists. For human life, the length of time is
bounded by a single century and its matter is tied to biology. Life expansion is located in
the domain of human enhancement, distinctly linked to technological interfaces with
biology.
The thesis identifies human-computer interaction and the potential of emerging and
speculative technologies as seeding the promulgation of human enhancement that approach
life expansion. In doing so, the thesis constructs an inquiry into historical and current
attempts to append human physiology and intervene with its mortality. By encountering
emerging and speculative technologies for prolonging life and sustaining personal identity
as possible media for artistic, design-based approaches to human enhancement, a new axis
is sought that identifies the transhuman and posthuman as conceptual paradigms for life
expansion.
The thesis asks: What are the required conditions that enable artistic, design-based
approaches to human enhancement that explicitly pursue extending human life? This
question centers on the potential of the studyâs proposed enhancement technologies in their
relationship to life, death, and the human condition. Notably, the thesis investigates artistic
approaches, as distinct from those of the natural sciences, and the borders that need to be
mediated between them.
The study navigates between the domains of life extension, art and design,
technology, and philosophy in forming the framework for a theory of life expansion. The
critical approach seeks to uncover invisible borders between these interconnecting forces
by bringing to light issues of sustaining life and personal identity, ethical concerns,
including morphological freedom and extinction risk. Such issues relate to the thesisâ
interest in life expansion and the use emerging and speculative technologies.
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The study takes on a triad approach in its investigation: qualitative interviews with
experts of the emerging and speculative technologies; field studies encountering research
centers of such technologies; and an artistic, autopoietic process that explores the heuristics
of life expansion. This investigation forms an integrative view of the human use of
technology and its melioristic aim. The outcome of the research is a theoretical framework
for further research in artistic approaches to life expansion
Privacy-Preserving Crowdsourcing-Based Recommender Systems for E-Commerce & Health Services
En lâactualitat, els sistemes de recomanacioÌ han esdevingut un mecanisme fonamental per proporcionar als usuaris informacioÌ uÌtil i filtrada, amb lâobjectiu dâoptimitzar la presa de decisions, com per exemple, en el camp del comerç electroÌnic. La quantitat de dades existent a Internet Ă©s tan extensa que els usuaris necessiten sistemes automĂ tics per ajudar-los a distingir entre informaciĂł valuosa i soroll. No obstant, sistemes de recomanaciĂł com el Filtratge Col·laboratiu tenen diverses limitacions, com ara la manca de resposta i la privadesa. Una part important d'aquesta tesi es dedica al desenvolupament de metodologies per fer front a aquestes limitacions.
A mĂ©s de les aportacions anteriors, en aquesta tesi tambĂ© ens centrem en el procĂ©s d'urbanitzaciĂł que s'estĂ produint a tot el mĂłn i en la necessitat de crear ciutats mĂ©s sostenibles i habitables. En aquest context, ens proposem solucions de salut intel·ligent (s-health) i metodologies eficients de caracteritzaciĂł de canals sense fils, per tal de proporcionar assistĂšncia sanitĂ ria sostenible en el context de les ciutats intel·ligents.En la actualidad, los sistemas de recomendacioÌn se han convertido en una herramienta indispensable para proporcionar a los usuarios informacioÌn uÌtil y filtrada, con el objetivo de optimizar la toma de decisiones en una gran variedad de contextos. La cantidad de datos existente en Internet es tan extensa que los usuarios necesitan sistemas automaÌticos para ayudarles a distinguir entre informacioÌn valiosa y ruido. Sin embargo, sistemas de recomendaciĂłn como el Filtrado Colaborativo tienen varias limitaciones, tales como la falta de respuesta y la privacidad. Una parte importante de esta tesis se dedica al desarrollo de metodologĂas para hacer frente a esas limitaciones.
AdemaÌs de las aportaciones anteriores, en esta tesis tambiĂ©n nos centramos en el proceso de urbanizaciĂłn que estĂĄ teniendo lugar en todo el mundo y en la necesidad de crear ciudades mĂĄs sostenibles y habitables. En este contexto, proponemos soluciones de salud inteligente (s-health) y metodologĂas eficientes de caracterizaciĂłn de canales inalĂĄmbricos, con el fin de proporcionar asistencia sanitaria sostenible en el contexto de las ciudades inteligentes.Our society lives an age where the eagerness for information has resulted in problems such as infobesity, especially after the arrival of Web 2.0. In this context, automatic systems such as recommenders are increasing their relevance, since they help to distinguish noise from useful information. However, recommender systems such as Collaborative Filtering have several limitations such as non-response and privacy. An important part of this thesis is devoted to the development of methodologies to cope with these limitations.
In addition to the previously stated research topics, in this dissertation we also focus in the worldwide process of urbanisation that is taking place and the need for more sustainable and liveable cities. In this context, we focus on smart health solutions and efficient wireless channel characterisation methodologies, in order to provide sustainable healthcare in the context of smart cities