28,288 research outputs found

    New Trends in Development of Services in the Modern Economy

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    The services sector strategic development unites a multitude of economic and managerial aspects and is one of the most important problems of economic management. Many researches devoted to this industry study are available. Most of them are performed in the traditional aspect of the voluminous calendar approach to strategic management, characteristic of the national scientific school. Such an approach seems archaic, forming false strategic benchmarks. The services sector is of special scientific interest in this context due to the fact that the social production structure to the services development model attraction in many countries suggests transition to postindustrial economy type where the services sector is a system-supporting sector of the economy. Actively influencing the economy, the services sector in the developed countries dominates in the GDP formation, primary capital accumulation, labor, households final consumption and, finally, citizens comfort of living. However, a clear understanding of the services sector as a hyper-sector permeating all spheres of human activity has not yet been fully developed, although interest in this issue continues to grow among many authors. Target of strategic management of the industry development setting requires substantive content and the services sector target value assessment

    Speech acts and medical records: The ontological nexus

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    Despite the recent advances in information and communication technology that have increased our ability to store and circulate information, the task of ensuring that the right sorts of information gets to the right sorts of people remains. We argue that the many efforts underway to develop efficient means for sharing information across healthcare systems and organizations would benefit from a careful analysis of human action in healthcare organizations. This in turn requires that the management of information and knowledge within healthcare organizations be combined with models of resources and processes of patient care that are based on a general ontology of social interaction. The Health Level 7 (HL7) is one of several ANSI-accredited Standards Developing Organizations operating in the healthcare arena. HL7 has advanced a widely used messaging standard that enables healthcare applications to exchange clinical and administrative data in digital form. HL7 focuses on the interface requirements of the entire healthcare system and not exclusively on the requirements of one area of healthcare such as pharmacy, medical devices, imaging or insurance transactions. This has inspired the development of a powerful abstract model of patient care called the Reference Information Model (RIM). The present paper begins with an overview of the core classes of the HL7 (Version 3) RIM and a brief discussion of its “actcentered” view of healthcare. Central to this account is what is called the life cycle of events. A clinical action may progress from defined, through planned and ordered, to executed. These modalities of an action are represented as the mood of the act. We then outline the basis of an ontology of organizations, starting from the theory of speech Acts, and apply this ontology to the HL7 RIM. Special attention is given to the sorts of preconditions that must be satisfied for the successful performance of a speech act and to the sorts of entities to which speech acts give rise (e.g. obligations, claims, commitments, etc.). Finally we draw conclusions for the efficient communication and management of medical information and knowledge within and between healthcare organizations, paying special attention to the role that medical documents play in such organizations

    Human Agency in AI Configurations Supporting Organizational Decision-making

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    The integration of human intelligence with Artificial Intelligence (AI) is becoming increasingly essential for leveraging benefits in organizational decision-making. This necessitates to understand human-AI collaboration configurations for managing collaborative intelligence. However, existing literature on Human-AI collaboration lacks structure and is fragmented regarding what exactly human intelligence (HI) contributes to AI collaboration and how AI systems can be configured in the decision-making process. This paper undertakes an organizing literature review to consolidate insights from existing literature. We identify six types of human agency as involved in collaborative intelligence and synthesize the findings into six Human-AI collaborative configurations explained by a matrix framework. By illuminating the complexities of Human-AI collaboration, the framework sheds light on the need for a nuanced understanding of the imbricating roles of HI and AI in decision-making, with important implications for the design and implementation of AI systems for organizational decision-making

    Cyborgs as Frontline Service Employees: A Research Agenda

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    The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link.Purpose This paper identifies and explores potential applications of cyborgian technologies within service contexts and how service providers may leverage the integration of cyborgian service actors into their service proposition. In doing so, the paper proposes a new category of ‘melded’ frontline service employees (FLEs), where advanced technologies become embodied within human actors. The paper presents potential opportunities and challenges that may arise through cyborg technological advancements and proposes a future research agenda related to these. Design/methodology This study draws on literature in the fields of services management, Artificial Intelligence [AI], robotics, Intelligence Augmentation [IA] and Human Intelligence [HIs] to conceptualise potential cyborgian applications. Findings The paper examines how cyborg bio- and psychophysical characteristics may significantly differentiate the nature of service interactions from traditional ‘unenhanced’ service interactions. In doing so, we propose ‘melding’ as a conceptual category of technological impact on FLEs. This category reflects the embodiment of emergent technologies not previously captured within existing literature on cyborgs. We examine how traditional roles of FLEs will be potentially impacted by the integration of emergent cyborg technologies, such as neural interfaces and implants, into service contexts before outlining future research directions related to these, specifically highlighting the range of ethical considerations. Originality/Value Service interactions with cyborg FLEs represent a new context for examining the potential impact of cyborgs. This paper explores how technological advancements will alter the individual capacities of humans to enable such employees to intuitively and empathetically create solutions to complex service challenges. In doing so, we augment the extant literature on cyborgs, such as the body hacking movement. The paper also outlines a research agenda to address the potential consequences of cyborgian integration

    Research Agenda in Developing Core Reference Ontology for Human Intelligence/Machine-Intelligence Electronic Medical Records System

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    Beginning around 1990, efforts were initiated in the medical profession by the U.S. government to transition from paper based medical records to electronic medical records (EMR). By the late 1990s, EMR implementation had already encountered multiple barriers and failures. Then President Bush set forth the goal of implementing electronic health records (EHRs), nationwide within ten years. Again, progress toward EMR implementation was not realized. President Obama put new emphasis on promoting EMR and health care technology. The renewed emphasis did not overcome many of the original problems and induced new failures. Retrospective analyses suggest that failures were induced because programmers did not consider the medical socio-technical communications structures that had evolved around paper records. Transition to electronic records caused breakdowns in the medical socio-technical communications systems; induced inconsistencies in information exchanges among clinics, physicians, hospitals, laboratories, pharmacies, and health insurance providers; and resulted in the incorrect administration of prescriptions, errors in patient care, and unnecessary treatments and surgeries. With the rapid integration of machine intelligence (MI) in medical socio-technical systems, there is a potential to repeat the failures of EMR implementation. To address the MI integration issue, this paper reports research design into the development of a human-intelligent/machine intelligent (HI-MI) EMR core reference ontology around which EMR-MI knowledge can be encoded to form the basis for informed transition to artificially intelligent electronic medical records

    Computational Predictive Framework towards the Control and Reduction of Malaria incidences in Africa

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    Malaria persists as a problematic disease in Africa. It is the main cause of morbidity and mortality of children and efforts are currently being pooled to increase the control measures within endemic countries. With this in mind, we developed and applied a malaria control strategy from a computational perspective, to analyze, predict and offer appropriate recommendations and control measures of malaria data obtained from WHO ten Sub Saharan countries malaria report of 2008 . The analytical tool used is based on the C# programming language embedded artificial neural network intelligence system. From the outcome obtained, the system demonstrated some level of intelligence and showed the effects and impacts of some controllable factors on future malaria occurrence. The system at 90% prediction intensity showed malaria infection course to decline sharply by 2014 in all the study countries, ranging from 15.71% in Madagascar, 35.46% in Malawi, 38.44% in Nigeria, 38.98% in Sudan , 39.05% in Ethiopia 39.09% in Zambia, 40,08% in Ghana, 42.61% in Kenya, 45.21% in Uganda and 46.63% Mozambique respectively. Therefore, more future prevention, control and management interventions are needed in Madagascar and Mozambique by 2014 as compared to the rest of the countries studied. In conclusion, the tool can be used to produce sensible and logical results which can be applied to achieve reduction of possible future malaria occurrences by governmental, NGOs and other relevant health agencies for proper public health planning

    Toward an Objective Measurement of AI Literacy

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    Humans multitudinously interact with Artificial Intelligence (AI) as it permeates every aspect of contemporary professional and private life. The socio-technical competencies of humans, i.e., their AI literacy, shape human-AI interactions. While academia does explore AI literacy measurement, current literature exclusively approaches the topic from a subjective perspective. This study draws on a well-established scale development procedure employing ten expert interviews, two card-sorting rounds, and a between-subject comparison study with 88 participants in two groups to define, conceptualize, and empirically validate an objective measurement instrument for AI literacy. With 16 items, our developed instrument discriminates between an AI-literate test and a control group. Furthermore, the structure of our instrument allows us to distinctly assess AI literacy aspects. We contribute to IS education research by providing a new instrument and conceptualizing AI literacy, incorporating critical themes from the literature. Practitioners may employ our instrument to assess AI literacy in their organizations
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