81,649 research outputs found
The shift team formation problem in multi-shift manufacturing operations
This paper addresses the problem of assigning operators to teams that work in single-, two-, or three-day shift systems. The problem was motivated by, and illustrated with a case situation encountered in Dutch manufacturing industry. The problem addressed forms an extension of cell formation problems which are currently in the phase of addressing labor-related issues in cell design. A generalized goal problem formulation is presented to address multiple, conflicting objectives covering cross-training of workers, ensuring adequate levels of labor flexibility and minimizing labor-related costs. The proposed solution procedure consists of two phases. In the first phase, shift systems, in which applicable machines and the sizes of each shift team are identified. The next phase deals with assignment of operators to various teams and identification of specific cross-training needs for various workers. This phase involves the use of interactive goal programming. The methodology is illustrated by details from the case situation as well as a numerical example.
European integration and complementarities driven network alignment: the case of ABB in Central and Eastern Europe
The depth of industry integration between European âWestâ and âEastâ depends on the
simultaneous existence of several factors, which, through mutual complementarities,
align global and local networks. This paper takes the case of Asea Brown Bowery (ABB),
one of the first large investors in central and eastern Europe (CEE), to show that the
successful penetration of this company into CEE was the result of the simultaneous
occurrence of several factors, which had mutually reinforcing complementarities.
Changes in the strategy of ABB towards knowledge-based services may be weakening
these complementarities and dis-aligning local and global networks in CEE. By
integrating the insights of Milgrom and Roberts (1995) on complementarities the paper
further develops the ânetwork alignmentâ perspective (Kim and von Tunzelmann, 1998)
on growth
Interdependent supply relationships as institutions: The role of HR practices
This paper aims to use institutional theory to explore the role of human
resource (HR) practices as carriers in the evolution of interdependent supply
relationships. Design/methodology/approach â This is a qualitative study of an
inter-firm supply relationship where the two partners were interdependent as a
result of a âclosed loopâ supply relationship. The paper explores the
perspectives of employees at multiple levels within both partners, and collects
pluralist evidence from 36 interviewees from both sides of the dyad. It collects
documentary evidence such as minutes, contractual agreements and HR documents.
This paper re-analyses the evidence from earlier work using an institutional
theory framework. Findings â Using Scott's âthree pillarsâ the paper shows that
HR practices can act as carriers of regulative, normative and cultural-cognitive
elements in interdependent supply relationships through both formal and informal
mechanisms. Regulative elements were less evident, but could be fundamental in
shaping the other two. A tension was found between institutional pressures at
the inter- and intra-firm levels, an emergence of innovative practices and new
routines at inter-organizational level, and an evolution over time that could
involve a de-institutionalisation of the relationship as a result of internal
priorities competing with the resource requirements of the supply relationship.
Originality/value â The paper addresses the interface between OM and
organisational theory. Areas are proposed where institutionalisation of a supply
relationship can be strengthened or weakened. The findings further challenge the
view of supply relationships as a âspectrumâ in which progress is unidir
Winning customer loyalty in an automotive company through Six Sigma: a case study
Six Sigma is a disciplined approach to improving product, process and service quality. Since its inception at Motorola in the mid 1980s Six Sigma has evolved significantly and continues to expand to improve process performance, enhance business profitability and increase customer satisfaction. This paper presents an extensive literature review based on the experiences of both academics and practitioners on Six Sigma, followed by the application of the Define, Measure, Analyse, Improve, Control (DMAIC) problem-solving methodology to identify the parameters causing casting defects and to control these parameters. The results of the study are based on the application of tools and techniques in the DMAIC methodology, i.e. Pareto Analysis, Measurement System Analysis, Regression Analysis and Design of Experiment. The results of the study show that the application of the Six Sigma methodology reduced casting defects and increased the process capability of the process from 0.49 to 1.28. The application of DMAIC has resulted in a significant financial impact (over U.S. $110â000 per annum) on the bottom-line of the company
The optimal layout of football players: A case study for AC Milan
This paper attempts to find the optimal formation of three midfielders and three forward football players on ground, using the classic Quadratic Assignment Problem or Facility Layout problem. Players are treated as âmachinesâ, their positions as locations, and the flow of materials between machines as âflow of passesâ and âflow of markingsâ. Based on detailed statistics from four matches of AC Milan, and formulated the problem as minimum (quick strategy), maximum (slow strategy), and mixed or balanced strategies, a number of various layouts emerged. Compared to the initial formation of players, the efficiency time gains in the unconditioned layouts are between 3 and 6.8%. Also, when the manager claims that his three forwards shouldnât shift positions with the midfielders, the efficiency gains in these restricted layouts is about 14ÂŽÂŽ to 74ÂŽÂŽ, which is about 1 to 3% of the approximately 40ÂŽ effective time spent into passes and markings from both teams.sports; layout; assignment; football players; passes; markings; time;
"The Shift from Belt Conveyor Line to Work-cell Based Assembly Systems to Cope with Increasing Demand Variation and Fluctuation in The Japanese Electronics Industries"
As consumption patterns become increasingly sophisticated and manufacturers strive to improve their competitiveness, not only offering higher quality at competitive costs, but also by providing broader mix of products, and keeping it attractive by launching successively new products, the turbulence in the markets has intensified. This has impelled leading manufacturers to search the development of alternative production systems supposed to enable them operate more responsively. This paper discusses the trend of abandoning the strategy of relying on factory automation technologies and conveyor-based assembly lines, and shifting towards more human-centered production systems based on autonomous work-cells, observed in some industries in Japan (e.g. consumer electronics, computers, printers) since mid-1990s. The purpose of this study is to investigate this trend which is seemingly uneconomic to manufacturers established in a country where labor costs are among the highest in the world, so as to contribute in the elucidation of its background and rationality. This work starts with a theoretical review linking the need to cope with nowadays' market turbulence with the issue of nurturing more agile organizations. Then, a general view of the diffusion trend of work-cell based assembly systems in Japanese electronics industries is presented, and some empirical facts gathered in field studies conducted in Japan are discussed. It is worthy mentioning that the abandonment of short cycle-time tasks performed along conveyor lines and the organization of workforce around work-cells do not imply a rejection of the lean production paradigm and its distinctive process improvement approach. High man-hour productivity is realized as a key goal to justify the implementation of work-cells usually devised to run in longer cycle-time, and the moves towards this direction has been strikingly influenced by the kaizen philosophy and techniques that underline typical initiatives of lean production system implementation. Finally, it speculates that even though the subject trend is finding wide diffusion in the considered industries, it should not be regarded as a panacea. In industries such as manufacturing of autoparts, despite the notable product diversification observed in the automobile market, its circumstances have still allowed the firms to rely on capital-intensive process, and this has sustained the development of advanced manufacturing technologies that enable the agile implementation and re-configuration of highly automated assembly lines.
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Business Models and their Implications for Skills
The dominant political-economic narrative of our time is that, under conditions of global competition with low-wage economies able to undercut even efficient western firms, the only viable and sustainable route to competitiveness is to trade on high value-added goods and services and that these in turn require enhanced skills and knowledge. This kind of analysis finds echo and sustenance in the management literature concerning 'knowledge'. Drawing upon a series of case studies this monograph reveals a more varied and complex pattern of possibilities
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