Strategic interplay between store brand introduction and online direct channel introduction

This paper investigates the strategic interplay between a national brand manufacturer and a retailer in introducing an online direct channel and a store brand by constructing a game-theoretic model that incorporates the firms' channel and brand strategies. We show that at equilibrium, the store brand is introduced but the online direct channel may or may not be introduced. Interestingly, the firms may be trapped in a prisoner's dilemma when they choose to introduce the online direct channel and store brand. The online direct channel may be introduced if the store brand has been introduced; otherwise it may not be introduced

Impact of Organized Retailing on the Unorganized Sector

The retail business, in India, is estimated to grow at 13 per cent per annum from US$322 billion in 2006-07 to US$ 590 billion in 2011-12. The unorganized retail sector is expected to grow at about 10 per cent per annum from US$309 billion 2006-07 to US$ 496 billion in 2011-12. Organized retail which now constitutes a small four per cent of retail sector in 2006-07 is likely to grow at 45-50 per cent per annum and quadruple its share of total retail trade to 16 per cent by 2011-12. The study, which was based on the largest ever survey of all segments of the economy that could be affected by the entry of large corporates in the retail business, has found that unorganized retailers in the vicinity of organized retailers experienced a decline in sales and profit in the initial years of the entry of organized retailers. The adverse impact, however, weakens over time. The study has indicated how consumers and farmers benefit from organized retailers. The study has also examined the impact on intermediaries and manufacturers. The results are indicative of the mega-and-minimetro cities around a limited number of organized retail outlets. Based on the results of the surveys, the study has made a number of specific policy recommendations for regulating the interaction of large retailers with small suppliers and for strengthening the competitive response of the unorganized retailers.Retail Sector, Organised Retail, Unorganised Retail, Kirana store, Food Supply Chain

Lemonaid and chariTea evolving social and organic soft drink brands in California

CEMSThis Work Project results from a CEMS MIM Business Project developed with Lemonaid Beverages in Vienna, Austria. The project aims at developing a successful market entry strategy for the company upon its expansion to California in the Summer of 2016. Insights will be drawn regarding brand perception, purchasing behaviour, market trends and size, competition, and marketing mix strategy — including recommendations on Product, Place, Price and Promotion. In addition, a link between this practical project and the field of Finance will be provided. Through a thorough literature review, a theoretical discussion on the most appropriate valuation methods for startups will be presented

Brand Recognition, Interdepartmental Conflict, and Performance: An Investigation of Porter's Differentiated Competitive Strategy Implementation in a Large Chinese Automobile Company

Due to the unique market context and consumer differences, Porter’s generic competitive strategy has often failed in China. This study examined the impacts of managerial factors on performance by using the company brand as an indicator of performance; furthermore, we discuss the management issues of Chang’an when adopting a differentiated competitive strategy. This research used a quantitative method to form a consumer cognition map and compared product brands with competitors. It also investigated the managerial factors of the case company that affected the implementation of a differentiated competitive strategy. Interviews of the managers from the case company were also conducted to provide an in-depth understanding of management issues. The results show that the case company, Chang’an, as a large state-owned automobile manufacturer, failed to generate satisfactory outcomes by implementing a differentiation strategy. The reasons for the unfavorable enterprise performance include unclear departmental role positioning, a lack of communication mechanisms, and missing evaluation mechanisms. This research offers an in-depth investigation of the application of Porter’s differentiated competitive strategy in a Chinese state-owned company (there has been little academic attention on this). Since many state-owned companies use similar management structures, the results of this research can help managers find management problems and fix them

Analysis of Organic Supply Chains - A theoretical framework

This working paper contains a new theoretical approach for analyzing organic supply chains. It is structured at three levels: - the farm/household level - the supply chain - the institutional frame The theoretical frame explains how the economic mechanism in a competetive market economy creates societal conflicts and concentration of production and capital in relation to farming. The theory also explains how and why organic farming can be viewed as a social counterreaction to these conflicts and processes of power concentration

Semantic discovery and reuse of business process patterns

Patterns currently play an important role in modern information systems (IS) development and their use has mainly been restricted to the design and implementation phases of the development lifecycle. Given the increasing significance of business modelling in IS development, patterns have the potential of providing a viable solution for promoting reusability of recurrent generalized models in the very early stages of development. As a statement of research-in-progress this paper focuses on business process patterns and proposes an initial methodological framework for the discovery and reuse of business process patterns within the IS development lifecycle. The framework borrows ideas from the domain engineering literature and proposes the use of semantics to drive both the discovery of patterns as well as their reuse

A Business Model Perspective to Retail Transformation

Kauppa luo asiakasarvoa yhdistämällä tuotannon ja kuluttamisen. Markkinoiden nykyiset kehityspiirteet viittaavat toimialan olevan evoluutionsa taitekohdassa. Edelläkävijäyritykset kuten mm. alustatalouden toimijat ovat synnyttäneet uusia kaupankäynnin muotoja erilaistaen itseään toimimalla perinteisestä kaupasta poikkeavilla tavoilla. Kaupan ominaispiirteet ovat tulleet haastetuiksi vaikuttaen toimialaan kokonaisuudessaan. Ymmärtääksemme kaupan transformaatiota onkin tärkeää keskittää tutkimusta siihen, miten arvoa luodaan. Ilmiötä on kuitenkin tutkittu verrattain vähän. Tämän väitöskirjan tarkoituksena on tutkia ja analysoida kaupan transformaatiota liiketoimintamallien näkökulmasta. Tämä väitöskirja sisältää kokoamaosion sekä neljä erillisjulkaisua. Artikkeli I käsittelee kivijalkakaupan mahdollisuuksia digitalisoituvassa liiketoimintaympäristössä yritysjohdon näkökulmasta. Artikkelissa II analysoidaan, miten alustaliiketoiminnassa arvolupausta hyödynnetään erilaistumisen välineenä. Artikkeli III tutkii ja analysoi arvonluomisen keinoja ja tapoja verkostoissa. Artikkeli IV rakentaa typologian kuvaten kaupan markkinassa esiintyvien liiketoimintamallien ominaispiirteitä. Tämän väitöskirjan artikkeleita ja kokoamaosiota hyödyntäen tutkimuksessa esitetään kolme propositiota, jotka lisäävät ymmärrystä kaupan transformaation keskeisistä ominaispiirteitä ja antavat suosituksia toimialan yrityksille suunnistaa läpi muutosten sarjan. Tämän lisäksi esitetään keskeisiä käytännön implikaatioita sekä tunnistetaan jatkotutkimusmahdollisuuksia.Retail connects production and consumption in ways that enable consumers to attain value. Current developments in the field indicate that the retail industry is reaching an evolutionary phase. The emergence of new forms of commerce, such as platform businesses have diversified retail operations. Consequently, the traditional retail characteristics are being challenged, which may have major implications for the retail industry as a whole. Therefore, understanding how value is created in retailing is still important. Since this phenomenon has remained underexplored, the purpose of this article-based dissertation is to explore and analyze retail transformation from a business model perspective. This dissertation consists of an introductory section and four articles. Article I explores business models in a changing traditional retail environment from the viewpoint of retail managers. Article II analyzes how differentiation is conducted in platform business using a value proposition. Article III explores and analyzes how activity systems are designed when value creation occurs in networks. Finally, Article IV develops a typology that characterizes various business models that are emerging in retail markets. Based on these four articles and the compilation part, three propositions are formulated to understand retail transformation and suggest how retail firms could navigate in it. Further, several managerial implications are discussed, and future research avenues are identified

Milk ties : a commodity chain approach to Greek culture

The thesis explores aspects of contemporary Greek culture as it emerges from the study of production, distribution and consumption of dairy products. Contrary to views of commoditisation as cultural homogenisation, this research is based on the premise that commodity chains constitute a central mechanism for the negotiation of cultural meaning and the construction of social relations in contemporary societies. As part of material culture studies, the research draws on insights provided by a variety of disciplines, such as social anthropology, human geography, cultural studies and marketing. In its totality, the thesis allows for a study of the transition to a highly marketised economy, considering simultaneously multiple levels of meaning formation and identity construction related to food. With particular focus on representations of time and space, the traditional and the modern, a variety of sites are explored, where cultural meaning is produced and negotiated: the marketing department of dairy companies, advertising agencies, small food stores, supermarkets and consumer households, while special reference is made to a rural-urban network of food provisioning established as a result of extensive internal migration. Fieldwork within those contexts is complemented with a consideration of global processes, such as the EU regulation on geographical indications and scientific claims about the Mediterranean model of diet. Dairy products are approached as the link between the various contexts of meaning that emerge through their circulation in society, and as mediators in the construction of social relations

Pulling the chain in the MMR: an exploratory analysis on the business model of online delivery companies and their shifting role within Porter's 5-forces framework

La tesi, attraverso un'analisi esplorativa e un'approfondita revisione della letteratura di riferimento, mira ad approfondire il ruolo attuale degli attori complementari attraverso il modello delle cinque forze competitive di Porter e la possibilità di un cambio di ruolo di questi attori. Il mercato della Grande Distribuzione Organizzata (GDO) è il case study selezionato per dare evidenza dei risultati.The thesis, through an exploratory analysis and a deep literature review, aims to investigate the current role of complementors using the lenses of Porter's 5-forces framework and the possibility of a shifting role for these actors. The Mass Market Retailers (MMR) is the selected case study that will highlight the topic deepended