79 research outputs found

    Factor Affecting Behavioral Intentions Towards Private Brand

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    Purpose: The aim of this research is to investigate the factors affecting the purchase intention towards private brands in Karachi. Methodology: This study is quantitative in nature and a questionnaire was used as a research tool to gather data and SPSS is used for data analysis. The sampling technique that was used for this research was non-probability convenience sampling. Research primary data was gathered by adopting a survey method in the form of a questionnaire that was designed using Google Docs. It was then used to administer 400 respondents. The survey consisted of 31 structured questions that were based on 5 points Likert scale. Findings: Results suggest that perceived price, quality, and packaging are fundamental factors that influence the purchase intention of purchasers for private brands in Pakistan.  Conclusion: The study concludes that storekeepers in Pakistan should concentrate on delivering excellent store brands at fair prices in order to increase their profits from private brands. Store owners can also formulate methodologies based on this research in order to make their current private brands successful. &nbsp

    The Effects of Security Framing, Time Pressure, and Brand Familiarity on Risky Mobile Application Downloads

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    The current study examined the effects of security system framing, time pressure, and brand familiarity on mobile application download behaviors, with an emphasis on risk taking. According to the Prospect Theory, people tend to engage in irrational decision making, and make qualitatively different decisions when information is framed in terms of gains and losses (i.e., the framing effect). Past research has used this framing effect to guide the design of a risk display for mobile applications (apps), with the purpose of communicating the potential risks and minimizing insecure app selections. Time pressure has been shown to influence the framing effect in both hypothetical choices in lab settings as well as with consumer purchases, and brand familiarity has been shown to affect consumers’ purchase behaviors. Neither factor has been studied in the context of risk communication for mobile app. The current study addressed this gap in the literature and examined the effects of time pressure and brand familiarity on the effectiveness of risk displays (framed as safety or risks) for mobile apps. Specifically, users’ choices were recorded as a measure of effective risk displays. The findings from this study indicated that users rely heavily on brand familiarity when downloading apps. We also showed that security scores, especially when framed as safety, were effective at guiding choice, though this advantage of safety framing was not present when users made decisions under time pressure. The implications from the study indicate that people implicitly trust brands they recognize, safety framed security can be helpful, and decision-making processes change under time pressure

    The Customer-Centered B2C Literature through the Lens of Activity Theory: A Review and Research Agenda

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    A multitude of published research studies investigate the B2C phenomenon from the customer point of view. At this point, making sense of such a large number of studies is a difficult task. The aim of this paper is to organize the literature to provide a clear depiction of what we know and what we don\u27t know about it in order to identify specific areas where future research efforts are needed. A review of the B2C literature of the past seven years yielded 115 papers investigating the phenomenon from the user/customer perspective, 74 of these were empirical. This literature is organized according to the Activity Theory framework, allowing for an enhanced understanding of the phenomenon through a social context perspective. Future research directions are identified and discussed

    Towards the formation and measurement of ethnic price perception

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    This research is the outcome of a preeminent interest in the topic of price perception. Pointedly, the perception of prices is part of the purchasing process, the same willingness to pay and the actual purchase behaviour, and is indubitably a perceptual construct. As such, perception is problematic to measure as it does not relate to an observable behaviour. On the other hand, pricing is regarded as an important variable in the marketing mix. This research contributes to theory by augmenting the current knowledge on the perception of prices including the methods used in the measurement of such perception. Moreover, this research addresses a gap in the understanding of how diverse ethnic groups perceive prices. The relationship set in this study between ethnicity and price perception is thought-provoking as it contributes to the current discussion around diversity in the marketplace. For example, the literature shows advances in areas such as multicultural and ethnic marketing and this research makes a significant contribution to these areas from price perception. Accordingly, this study involved a systematic review of the literature and presented a framework that suggested that the formation of price perception is affected by external factors such as culture and ethnicity. Furthermore, a qualitative study examined the formation of price perception around ethnic groups. Next, this research used a quantitative study that sought differences in price perception among ethnic groups. Thus, the quantitative study used a price perception scale (Lichtenstein et al., 1993) and a choice-based conjoint analysis. Also, the study adopted structural equation modelling (SEM) to measure differences among scales and the multinomial logit model to analyse the choice-based conjoint analysis. The findings of both the quantitative and the qualitative studies link to the systematic review and support the framework for the formation and measurement of price perception originally proposed

    Association Strength between Concepts as the Origin of the Foreign Language Effect

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    Bilinguals sometimes make decisions in verbal tasks differently in their first (L1) and second (L2) language. This phenomenon is known as the foreign language effect (FLE), and it suggests strong connections between language and cognition. On the one hand, it is possible that L2 “blunts” emotional language. However, the FLE can be observed in non-emotional tasks. Therefore, it is possible that L2 requires more deliberate processing due to increased cognitive load, leading to more rational decisions. The support for each explanation is mixed. In this thesis we propose looking for a single explanation for all instances of the FLE. After reviewing the existing research, we believe that we observe the following pattern: the FLE emerges in association-based tasks. Therefore, we suggest that the nature of the FLE is semantic. That is, association strength in L2 is weaker for all concepts, not just the emotional ones. Unlike L1, L2 is often acquired in an experientially impoverished classroom environment and is used less frequently, resulting in weaker links across the entire lexical system (Gollan et al., 2008). The association strength argument can help address the relationship between emotion and cognition, as well as tying cognition to language. Research focused on bilingual participants and the FLE could help to first dissociate cognitive and emotional processes, and second to show that performance in non-emotional contexts can be affected by association strength between concepts in dominant and non-dominant languages. To achieve this two-fold goal, we carried out a series of experiments, manipulating emotional context and type of task. This dissertation consists of four studies with the underlying goal of developing the idea that the FLE manifests in tasks involving semantics and association strength. In Study 1, we use a rating task to assess the subjectively perceived emotionality of words with different emotional valence in mono- and bilinguals. We found that bilinguals provide higher ratings for negative words and lower ratings for positive words compared to monolinguals irrespective of the language of the task. We suggest that associations may be weaker not just in bilinguals’ L2, but also in their L1, which they use relatively less frequently than monolinguals use their only language. Since associations are a function of memory, Studies 2 and 3 examine the emotion-memory effect in monolinguals and in bilinguals in their L1 and L2. In Study 2 participants complete a recognition task containing emotional words. We hypothesize that the emotional words will be overrepresented in the responses of monolinguals and in bilinguals’ L1. Thus, we use Signal Detection Theory to account for both accuracy and potential false recognition. The results show a significant difference in bias for emotional and neutral words suggesting that participants were more liberal in judging emotional words. However, the bias did not vary across language groups, suggesting similar recognition effects in mono- and bilinguals. Study 3 examines the emotion-memory aspect of FLE through the accessibility heuristic. Participants of different language backgrounds are presented with lists of words and asked to estimate the frequency of emotional words. We hypothesize that frequency estimates would be biased in monolinguals and in the L1 of bilinguals. Similar to Study 2, while the estimates of different types of words varied significantly, they did so in mono- and bilinguals alike. Emotional words appear to have a similar effect on memory in mono- and bilinguals and in bilinguals’ L1 and L2. We suggest that either the FLE may be task-dependent and could manifest in decision-making, but not in memory tasks. Alternatively, emotional words could have lower activation thresholds and do not require strong associations in order to affect cognitive processes. Different representation of emotional words (and only emotional words) does not explain why the FLE sometimes emerges in non-emotional contexts. Therefore, in Study 4 addresses the FLE in a non-emotional association-based decision-making task by assessing the extent to which mono- and bilinguals are affected by the anchoring bias. Our results show that anchoring affects mono- and bilinguals (in L1 and L2) alike. However, anchoring may differ as a function of proficiency when confidence is factored in. FLE research, by virtue of being a relatively new area of interest, is not devoid of inconsistencies and unresolved issues. From a theoretical perspective, research on the FLE can expand our knowledge in several fields by 1) providing new information about semantic organization in bilinguals’ L1 and L2, and in comparison to monolinguals; 2) expanding the field of decision-making by using L2 to dissociate cognition and emotional processing; and 3) since we argue that FLE is association-based (even for non-emotional stimuli), it can provide information on how knowledge representation overall affects decision-making. Therefore, it allows investigating the nature of the relationship between emotion, decision-making and a second language

    How technology can advance port operations and address supply chain disruptions

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    Supply chain disruptions continue to be a significant challenge as the world economy recovers from the pandemic-related shutdowns that have strained global supply chains. Shocks challenge the adaptability and resilience of maritime ports. The reaction of automated container terminals to supply chain disruptions has renewed interest, given the dramatic scenes of ships anchored for weeks. In this dissertation, I provide a vision of how technology can enhance a port’s ability to anticipate and handle shocks by improving coordination, cooperation, and information exchange across port stakeholders. The vision will be helpful for academics and practitioners to perform research that advances theory and practice on the use of advanced technologies to improve port operations. I use complex adaptive systems theory to develop a qualitative cross-case study of the ports of Los Angeles, Vancouver, and Rotterdam. I examine the effect that automation and other technologies have had on the efficiency of these ports, both in daily operations and during the disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Using critical tenets of complexity and with a rigorous application of the case study method, I develop theoretical propositions and practical insights to ground the vision of the port of the future based on current practices. The findings from the cross-case study suggest that automated terminals were more efficient during the pandemic than non-automated terminals. I propose that transitioning to higher levels of automation, supported by emerging technologies like blockchain and the internet of things, will make ports more resilient to supply chain disruptions when those systems are coordinated through Port Community Systems

    The Role of Collaborative Governance in Blockchain-Enabled Supply Chains: A Proposed Framework

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    The blockchain age is dawning. Firms large and small are teaming up with partners and solution providers to deploy blockchain, especially in supply chains, often called the “sleeping giant” use case. But blockchain is still new, and despite early successes in simulated environments, how companies need to collaborate in a blockchain world is unclear. To help close the blockchain collaboration research gap, this design science study explores the technological and ecosystem business decisions required to deploy an interoperable blockchain solution. The research partially builds a supply chain artifact, and the challenges experienced by the design team prompts further investigation with twenty blockchain experts. With the discovery that effective and collaborative governance is a key mechanism to remove obstacles in blockchain deployment, the study concludes with a collaborative governance model. Inspired by public policy makers, the framework includes technological rules to assist practitioners as they collaborate in a blockchain world

    Effects of package holiday information presentation on destination choice

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