160 research outputs found
Attachment styles and personal growth following romantic breakups: The mediating roles of distress, rumination, and tendency to rebound
© 2013 Marshall et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.This article has been made available through the Brunel Open Access Publishing Fund.The purpose of this research was to examine the associations of attachment anxiety and avoidance with personal growth following relationship dissolution, and to test breakup distress, rumination, and tendency to rebound with new partners as mediators of these associations. Study 1 (N = 411) and Study 2 (N = 465) measured attachment style, breakup distress, and personal growth; Study 2 additionally measured ruminative reflection, brooding, and proclivity to rebound with new partners. Structural equation modelling revealed in both studies that anxiety was indirectly associated with greater personal growth through heightened breakup distress, whereas avoidance was indirectly associated with lower personal growth through inhibited breakup distress. Study 2 further showed that the positive association of breakup distress with personal growth was accounted for by enhanced reflection and brooding, and that anxious individuals’ greater personal growth was also explained by their proclivity to rebound. These findings suggest that anxious individuals’ hyperactivated breakup distress may act as a catalyst for personal growth by promoting the cognitive processing of breakup-related thoughts and emotions, whereas avoidant individuals’ deactivated distress may inhibit personal growth by suppressing this cognitive work
Desired attachment and breakup distress relate to automatic approach of the ex-partner
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Romantic relationship breakups can lead to severe emotional disturbances including major depression. Anxious attachment and desired attachment with the ex-partner are hypothesized to elicit repetitive thought about the breakup and the former partner and attempts to reunite with (i.e. approach) the ex-partner, which fuel breakup distress. Since prior research on this topic has mostly used survey methodology, the study aim was to examine the relations between above-mentioned variables employing a behavioral measure of approach of the ex-partner. METHODS: Automatic approach-avoidance tendencies toward the former partner were assessed with an Approach Avoidance Task (AAT). Sixty-two students (76% female) moved a manikin towards or away from stimuli pictures (ex-partner, matched stranger, landscape) as fast as possible based on the stimulus frame color (blue, yellow). Participants also completed questionnaires assessing anxious attachment, desired attachment, repetitive thought about the breakup (rumination) and the ex-partner (yearning), and breakup distress (prolonged grief symptoms). RESULTS: Anxious attachment related positively to rumination and breakup distress. Desired attachment related positively to yearning, automatic approach bias toward the ex-partner, and breakup distress. Both anxious and desired attachment, rumination, yearning, and approach bias related positively to breakup distress. LIMITATIONS: The use of a student sample may limit generalizability. A correlational design precludes causal conclusions. CONCLUSIONS: Together with prior work, results suggests anxious attachment hampers psychological adaptation to a breakup by increasing the use of ruminative coping. Desire to retain an attachment bond with the ex-partner, expressed in yearning and approach of the ex-partner, may also worsen breakup distress
Blame Recovery: Modeling the Effects Of Personality, Religious-spiritual Belief, and Gender On Blame Attributions and Psychological Wellbeing After A Failed Romantic Relationship
Blame attribution (BA) is the complex cognitive-affective process through which individuals feel negative feelings of internalized self-blame/guilt or externalized other-blame by varying degrees. High BA is accompanied by distress, anxiety, depression and reduced health outcomes, while low BA indicates healthful release from negative affect and direction of attention toward past transgressions or negative events. Previous research has demonstrated a multitude of personality and individual difference associations with BA and psychological wellbeing (PWB) in cross-sectional samples, but little focus has been directed at determining if such traits affect changes in (i.e. recovery from) BA and PWB over time. The present study seeks to address this knowledge gap using a widespread blame context: romantic breakup. It was hypothesised that the personality traits of neuroticism (N) and extraversion (E), as well as the individual difference characteristics of trait emotional intelligence (EI), religious-spiritual belief (RSB), and gender would affect blame recovery and PWB change over time. A sample of 302 undergraduates completed measures of BA, PWB, E, EI, N, and RSB in two online sessions approximately 28 days apart. Hierarchical regression results indicate that only EI was influential, leading to increased PWB growth over time and greater reduction in self-blame/guilt. Modelled together, the traits did not explain BA or PWB change, despite various significant correlations with the three outcome variables at the single time point level
The Impacts of Learning 2 Breathe on Rumination
The present study examined the impact of Learning2Breathe (L2B), a mindfulness-based stress reduction program developed for use with adolescents on rumination. The program was applied to rumination in college-age men and women. Our experiment utilized a quasi-experimental design. The sample consisted of 50 undergraduate students that were placed in either the experimental or control group. Data was collected pretest and posttest through a variety of measures including the Rumination Reflection Questionnaire (RRQ) which consisted of a rumination and reflection subscale, and the Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS). A two-way mixed ANOVA design was used to analyze data. There was no statistically significant interaction on the Reflection subscale of the RRQ or on the Rumination subscale of the RRQ. We also failed to find a statistically significant interaction on the MAAS. Possible limitations to this study include lack of robust data due to restrictions imposed by COVID-19, lack of randomized selection, and two outliers included in the analyses: one in the MAAS experimental group, and one in the MAAS control group
Young adults’ experiences and coping strategies following the termination of a significant romantic online relationship
The Internet has made it feasible for people to establish and maintain romantic relationships online. Research findings indicate that high levels of intimacy are often experienced online, and individuals find these relationships to be meaningful, with high levels of relationship satisfaction reported. Some of these online romantic relationships are, however, terminated at some stage, leading to a painful experience. Limited research has been conducted on the experience of terminated online romantic relationships and coping strategies employed. The primary aim of this study was therefore to explore and describe young adults’ experiences and coping strategies following the termination of a significant online romantic relationship. Lazarus and Folkman’s psychological stress and coping theory and relevant literature were utilised to conceptualise the study. A qualitative approach was employed in order to meet the aim of the study. The study utilised purposive and snowball sampling. The participants included nine undergraduate students at Nelson Mandela University and one working adult, all of whom met the inclusion criteria. Data was obtained through in-depth interviews, and the collected data was analysed using thematic analysis. Based on the findings of the study, the experience of a terminated online romantic relationship has an adverse impact on individuals’ overall functioning. However, there seem to be coping strategies that are effective in overcoming the turmoil caused by online romantic relationship termination. This study has therefore generated an understanding of young adults’ experiences and coping strategies following the termination of a significant online romantic relationship
Predicting Personal and Relational Recovery from Infidelity in Committed Relationship: A Moderated Mediation Model
Title from PDF of title page viewed January 27, 2020Dissertation advisor: Nancy L. MurdockVitaIncludes bibliographical references (page 140-154)Thesis (Ph.D.)--School of Education. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2019Infidelity can be damaging to committed relationships and is the most frequently cited cause of divorce (Austin Institute, 2014). Evidence suggests that couples can survive the trauma of infidelity, and that recovery is possible (Heintzelman, Murdock, Krycak, & Seay, 2014; Olson, Russell, Higgins-Kessler, & Miller, 2002); however, the recovery process following the disclosure of infidelity remains an under-studied area in the infidelity literature. The present study, informed by attachment theory, infidelity literature, and forgiveness research, used a moderated mediation model analyzing the contribution of attachment style, socio-cognitive correlates (i.e. rumination, attribution, and empathy), and perceived partner empathy to personal and relational recovery from infidelity among a sample of individuals who chose to remain in the relationship in which the infidelity occurred. Path analytic findings revealed that (a) the attachment anxiety – forgiveness link was partially mediated by rumination, but not attribution, whereas the attachment avoidance – forgiveness link was partially mediated by low empathy; (b) perceived partner empathy did not moderate the relation between attachment and rumination, attribution, and empathy; (c) perceived partner empathy, but not attachment anxiety, predicted lower non-benign attribution, and was directly or indirectly related to all four recovery outcomes; and (d) forgiveness was a significant second-order mediator in relationships between insecure attachment and other distal recovery outcomes including psychological distress, relationship satisfaction, and relational trust. Implications are discussed.Introduction and literature review -- Method -- Data analysis -- Discussion -- Appendix A. Demographic c Questionnaire -- Appendix B. The Experience in Close Relationships-Revised -- Appendix C. Intrusiveness Subscale of the Impact of Event Scale -- Appendix D. The Relationship Attribution Measure -- Appendix E. Affective Empathy Scale -- Appendix F. Empathic Understanding (E) Subscale of the Barrett-Lennard Relationship Inventory -- Appendix G The Marital Offense-Specific Forgiveness Scale -- Appendix H. The Hopkins Symptom Checklist –21 -- Appendix I. The Dyadic Adjustment Scale -- Appendix J. Trust Scale -- Appendix K. Solicitation Message (Internet Posting) --Appendix L. Informed consent -- Appendix M. incentive for
Social cognition as mediator of romantic breakup adjustment in young adults who experienced childhood maltreatment
Objectifs : Déterminer si : 1) la maltraitance durant l'enfance et divers aspects de la cognition sociale (régulation émotionnelle, mentalisation, attributions causales) sont associés à l'adaptation à la rupture amoureuse chez les jeunes (résilience, symptômes psychiatriques, détresse); 2) la cognition sociale agit comme médiateur dans la relation entre la maltraitance durant l'enfance et l'adaptation à la rupture amoureuse. Méthode : Nous avons évalué la maltraitance durant l'enfance, la cognition sociale et l'adaptation à la rupture amoureuse chez 483 étudiants universitaires ayant vécu une rupture durant les trois derniers mois. Des régressions linéaires et analyses de médiation ont été effectuées. Résultats : 1) La maltraitance est associée à l'adaptation à la rupture lorsque les médiateurs sont considérés dans le modèle (p < .001) et lorsqu'ils ne le sont pas (p < .001). La régulation émotionnelle a eu des résultats significatifs sur les trois mesures d’adaptation à la rupture (p < .001) alors que la mentalisation et le contrôle personnel n’ont donné des résultats significatifs que sur la résilience (p < .001; p = .004) et les symptômes psychiatriques (p = .002; p = .014). 2) La maltraitance était indirectement associée aux mesures d’adaptation par la régulation émotionnelle (les intervalles de confiance excluaient 0). Elle était aussi indirectement associée aux symptômes par la mentalisation, tandis qu'elle était indirectement associée aux trois mesures d'adaptation par la mentalisation liée à soi (les intervalles de confiance excluaient 0) Conclusions : Les jeunes ayant vécu de la maltraitance durant l'enfance qui ont récemment vécu une rupture pourraient bénéficier d'interventions visant à améliorer la régulation émotionnelle et la mentalisation.Aim: Investigate whether: 1) childhood maltreatment and various aspects of social cognition (emotional regulation, mentalization and causal attributions) are associated with romantic breakup adjustment in youth (i.e. resilience, psychiatric symptoms, and distress); and 2) social cognition mediates the relationship between self-reported exposure to childhood maltreatment and adjustment to romantic breakup. Methods: We assessed history of childhood maltreatment, social cognition and romantic breakup adjustment in a sample of 483 university students who experienced a romantic breakup during the last three months. Linear regressions and mediation analyses were computed. Results: 1) Childhood maltreatment was associated with romantic breakup adjustment when mediators were considered in the model (p < .001) and when they were not (p < .001). Only emotional regulation was significantly linked with all three measures of breakup adjustment (p < .001), while mentalization and personal control demonstrated significant relationships with resilience (p < .001; p = .004) and psychiatric symptoms (p = .002; p = .014) only. 2) Childhood maltreatment was indirectly associated with the three measures of romantic breakup adjustment through emotional regulation (all CI exclude 0). Childhood maltreatment was indirectly associated with psychiatric symptoms through mentalization, while childhood maltreatment was indirectly associated with all romantic breakup adjustment measures through self-related mentalization (all CI exclude 0). Conclusions: Youth with a history of childhood trauma who recently experienced a romantic breakup could benefit from interventions aimed at enhancing emotional regulation skills and mentalization skills
How do tourism goal disclosure motivations drive Chinese tourists\u27 goal-directed behaviors? The influences of feedback valence, affective rumination, and emotional engagement
Based on self-determination theory and the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotion, this study investigated the motivations of disclosing tourism goals on social media and its impacts on Chinese tourists\u27 goal-directed behaviors (GDBs). We proposed and tested a mutual transformation model of tourism goal disclosure motivation under different conditions of feedback valence (positive vs. negative feedback) and examine the mediating role of tourists\u27 affective rumination and emotional engagement. The results revealed that tourists driven by extrinsic motivations develop a stronger emotional engagement in their tourism goals and exhibit more GDBs after receiving positive feedback on their disclosed tourism goals. However, negative feedback disclosed goals lowers GDBs and leads to affective rumination about tourism goals among those with intrinsic motivations. This study provides theoretical and practical implications for destination marketers to adopt marketing strategies based on the findings
Facebook and emotion regulation
Social Media Use (SMU) is a relatively new phenomenon, but one which has rapidly become ubiquitous in common culture, globally. Many users report benefit and some research supports assertions that there are benefits to be gleaned from healthy SMU. However, there are a great deal of studies exploring risks and negative consequences for some users. More specifically, there is a growing body of research considering whether SMU is an addictive behavior that may function to regulate emotion. Emotion Regulation (ER) has not been studied in any depth in relation to SMU, but has been studied in relation to established addictions. It is the purpose of this paper to explore existing research and ways in which current knowledge supports new ER questions and to explore considerations of protections related to SMU, particularly those related to psychological and behavioral intervention in cases in which SMU has become harmful
Coping with romantic relationship dissolution: the role of social media
Individuals utilise social networking sites (SNSs) such as Facebook, MySpace and Twitter to communicate and stay in touch with romantic partners and to maintain relationships. SNSs also play a role in connecting individuals to each other – it enables users to gain a better understanding of the self and to develop meaningful relationships with others. It is used to share personal experiences and is frequently used as a means of social support. Making use of social media can therefore also play a role in coping with relationship dissolution, both at the time of the dissolution and during the post-dissolution stages of the romantic relationship. Lazarus’ Stress and Coping Theory, as well as aspects of Social Interactionist Theory, were utilised as a theoretical framework to conceptualise coping strategies and online behaviour. The aim of the study was to create a detailed description of the role of social media in coping with relationship dissolution. The study was a qualitative, phenomenological study and participants were obtained using purposive and snowball sampling. Unstructured, in-depth interviews were used to collect the data. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Based on the findings of the researcher, social media can be both advantageous and disadvantageous in coping with relationships dissolution. Moreover, using social media in order to cope during and after relationship dissolution indicated adaptive coping in the short-term, and maladaptive coping in the long-term. This study has therefore generated an understanding of the role of social media in coping with relationship dissolution
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