Telecommunications Hardware and Software Systems made in CMEA Countries and Yugoslavia

The telecommunications hardware and software systems used in CMEA (Council of Mutual Economic Assistance) countries and Yugoslavia are a most complex field of investigation. For this reason in this study the following approach has been adopted: Rather than collecting and presenting all CMEA telecommunications hardware and software systems in a directory type of form, which would neither be complete nor fully up to date (even at the time of data collection), a general analysis is given, with sufficient detailed information to make it useful. During the analysis we will discuss in depth the different classes of telecommunications hardware and software systems, their past, present, and potential future. In order to do this, the analysis has to include all major levels of the International Standardization Organization's Open System Interconnection (ISO/OSI) Reference Model--and this is the way we handle the telecommunications hardware and software systems of the CMEA countries and of Yugoslavia

Virtual reality: Theoretical basis, practical applications

Virtual reality (VR) is a powerful multimedia visualization technique offering a range of mechanisms by which many new experiences can be made available. This paper deals with the basic nature of VR, the technologies needed to create it, and its potential, especially for helping disabled people. It also offers an overview of some examples of existing VR systems

The Design of a System Architecture for Mobile Multimedia Computers

This chapter discusses the system architecture of a portable computer, called Mobile Digital Companion, which provides support for handling multimedia applications energy efficiently. Because battery life is limited and battery weight is an important factor for the size and the weight of the Mobile Digital Companion, energy management plays a crucial role in the architecture. As the Companion must remain usable in a variety of environments, it has to be flexible and adaptable to various operating conditions. The Mobile Digital Companion has an unconventional architecture that saves energy by using system decomposition at different levels of the architecture and exploits locality of reference with dedicated, optimised modules. The approach is based on dedicated functionality and the extensive use of energy reduction techniques at all levels of system design. The system has an architecture with a general-purpose processor accompanied by a set of heterogeneous autonomous programmable modules, each providing an energy efficient implementation of dedicated tasks. A reconfigurable internal communication network switch exploits locality of reference and eliminates wasteful data copies

High frequency band communication application in Malaysia

High frequency (HF) radio frequencies are between 3 and 30 MHz.[1] Also known as the decameter band or decameter wave as the wavelengths range from one to ten decameters. Shortwave (2.310 - 25.820 MHz)[1] overlaps and is slightly lower than HF. Since the ionosphere often reflects HF radio waves quite well (a phenomenon known as skywave), this range is extensively used for medium and long range terrestrial radio communication. However, suitability of this portion of the spectrum for such communication varies greatly with a complex combination of factors[1]: • Sunlight/darkness at site of transmission and reception • Transmitter/receiver proximity to terminator • Season • Sunspot cycle • Solar activity • Polar aurora • Maximum usable frequency • Lowest usable high frequency • Frequency of operation within the HF rang

Proceedings of the NSSDC Conference on Mass Storage Systems and Technologies for Space and Earth Science Applications

The proceedings of the National Space Science Data Center Conference on Mass Storage Systems and Technologies for Space and Earth Science Applications held July 23 through 25, 1991 at the NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center are presented. The program includes a keynote address, invited technical papers, and selected technical presentations to provide a broad forum for the discussion of a number of important issues in the field of mass storage systems. Topics include magnetic disk and tape technologies, optical disk and tape, software storage and file management systems, and experiences with the use of a large, distributed storage system. The technical presentations describe integrated mass storage systems that are expected to be available commercially. Also included is a series of presentations from Federal Government organizations and research institutions covering their mass storage requirements for the 1990's

Remote control of devices using an 8-bit embedded XML & dynamic web-server in a SmartHouse environment : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering in Computer Systems Engineering at Massey University

This paper focuses on an Embedded System known as "TCP/IC" and its role in the "house of the future" - the SmartHouse. Overall, the aim of the TCP/IC was to design a device which could interact with a user (or AI control system) and allow for the control of various attached peripherals remotely. Although such a device could well be used as a standalone device to aid in home-automation, this paper focuses on its use in a SmartHouse environment - one where a number of these devices are networked and controlled by a central AI. The different technologies and protocols involved in the implementation of the TCP/IC, along with its two primary interfaces, namely HTML (used for user interaction) and XML (used for machine interaction) are also discussed. The reader will also be introduced to Embedded Systems and the various design principles involved in the creation of quality Embedded Systems. Core-concepts of home-automation and its logical extension, the SmartHouse are also covered in detail. Various additional interfaces (e.g. Web, XML, custom-formatted text) are also discussed and compared, as are the result of my work and some ideas for future implementations

Development of information systems in Zastava and the future with Fiat

Necessitate for information technology in business is undeniable. The company "Zastava" from Kragujevac realized this fact at the very beginning of its development and has improved business in the direction of continuous progress in the field of information technology. Following the progress of IT sector, "Zastava", we can practically follow the development of information technology. The IT development in “Zastava” has started in early 1960 by establishing the Office for the organization and systematization. The first IT organizational unit in the factory "Zastava" was Electromechanical department. The first computer for automatic data processing ever installed in an industrial company in Yugoslavia, was in that department. End of sixties and the seventies were characterized by remote and automatic data processing, while the eighties introduced distributed data processing. Nineties followed the idea of information system based on the principles of integrity and data distribution. Today IS in "Zastava" relays on the integral PC and network technology. This segment of company, unfortunately, has suffered great damage during the bombing in 1999, but then it continued development and now are based on a modern technological solutions. The Memorandum of strategic cooperation between FIAT and “Zastava” has been signed on May 2008. According to estimates of leaders in the Zastava’s IT sector, the main direction of development will continue, and they expect further investment in the IT. They also expect that FIAT will probably apply the model they already used in the similar arrangements - a separation of IT department and forming a new company whose services will be used by the factory (outsourcing model)