The Effect of English Camp Program in Public Speaking of STKIP Al Maksum Students

The objective of the research is to improve speaking skill of English House Course students through English camp strategy. This was an pre-experimental research using one group on pre-test and post-test design, the population of this research was the students of English House Course which has 80 students. Because the total number of the population was big enough, the researcher took 20 samples and applied random sampling technique; it means that one class of the population were taken as samples and the data was analyzed into percentage, mean score analyzes and the value of the t-test. The result of the data analyzes shows that the students’ achievement on the pre-test was 71,7 and post-test was 86,1. This shows that English camp is a good strategy in English learning process at the students of English House Course Langkat. After analyzing the data by using the t-test formula, the result of the t-test value (11,86) was greater than t-table value (2,093). This indicated that the hypothesis of research is accepted. There is a significant Influence of English camp program towards the students’ achievement in English learning process. The researcher does English camp in English House Course Langkat Kabupaten Enrekang for five days and it gives positive effect of students’ skill in speaking. All item of learning achievement able to improve the students’ speaking skill. Keywords: Speaking Skill;  English Camp &nbsp

Implementation Of Quizizz-Based Learning Media In General English Lessons In The Stkip Al Maksum Elementary School Teacher Education Study Program

This study investigates the utilization or implementation of Quizizz, an internet-based questionnaire platform, as an instructional tool for general English courses in the STKIP AL Maksum Primary School Teacher Education Study Program. The objective of this study is to examine the media planning procedure, its execution, and the determinants that impact the utilization of Quizizz. This study employs a qualitative descriptive methodology and collects data through triangulation techniques, including documentation, interviews, and observation. Quizizz is a game-based learning platform that enhances student engagement and offers adaptable assessment alternatives, according to the literature review. The results of studies indicate that Quizizz has a beneficial impact on student motivation by enhancing the relevance and interest of the learning process. In spite of this, obstacles associated with technological infrastructure must be taken into account in order to achieve maximum efficacy. This study enhances comprehension regarding the incorporation of technology in English education, placing particular emphasis on the significance of cutting-edge learning tools like Quizizz in contemporary educational advancements. Key words:  Quizizz, Media, General English

Exploring Interactive and Innovative Learning Media in EFL Classroom: A Students' Perspective

The study on the shift to online learning in English language education due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The study examines the perceptions of twenty English Department students from STKIP Al Maksum regarding the use of interactive applications, particularly Kahoot, in their learning. A quantitative survey with a ten-item questionnaire was employed to gather data. The findings suggest that students perceive Kahoot as enhancing their enjoyment, learning perception, effectiveness, and motivation. The study concludes that applications like Kahoot and Quizzes contribute to increased student activity in language classes and highlights the need for further research on their impact on critical thinking, engagement, and educational outcomes

NoSOCS in SDSS. I. Sample Definition and Comparison of Mass Estimates

We use Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) data to investigate galaxy cluster properties of systems first detected within DPOSS. With the high quality photometry of SDSS we derived new photometric redshifts and estimated richness and optical luminosity. For a subset of low redshift ($z \le 0.1$) clusters, we have used SDSS spectroscopic data to identify groups in redshift space in the region of each cluster, complemented with massive systems from the literature to assure the continuous mass sampling. A method to remove interlopers is applied, and a virial analysis is performed resulting in estimates of velocity dispersion, mass, and a physical radius for each low-$z$ system. We discuss the choice of maximum radius and luminosity range in the dynamical analysis, showing that a spectroscopic survey must be complete to at least M$^*+1$ if one wishes to obtain accurate and unbiased estimates of velocity dispersion and mass. We have measured X-ray luminosity for all clusters using archival data from RASS. For a smaller subset (twenty-one clusters) we selected temperature measures from the literature and estimated mass from the M-T$_X$ relation, finding that they show good agreement with the virial estimate. However, these two mass estimates tend to disagree with the caustic results. We measured the presence of substructure in all clusters of the sample and found that clusters with substructure have virial masses higher than those derived from T$_X$. This trend is not seen when comparing the caustic and X-ray masses. That happens because the caustic mass is estimated directly from the mass profile, so it is less affected by substructure.Comment: 21 pages, 17 figures, 5 tables, Accepted to MNRA

Early-type objects in NGC6611 and Eagle Nebula

An important question about Be stars is whether Be stars are born as Be stars or not. It is necessary to observe young clusters to answer this question. Observations of stars in NGC6611 and the star-formation region of Eagle Nebula have been carried out with the ESO-WFI in slitless spectroscopic mode and at the VLT-GIRAFFE. The targets for the GIRAFFE observations were pre-selected from the literature and our catalogue of emission-line stars (ELS) based on the WFI study. GIRAFFE observations allowed us to study accurately the population of the early-type stars with and without emission lines. For this study, we determined the fundamental parameters of OBA stars. We also studied the status of the objects (main sequence or pre-main sequence stars) by using IR data, membership probabilities, and location in HR diagrams. The nature of the early-type ELS in M16 is derived. The slitless observations with the WFI clearly indicate a small number of ELS in M16. We observed with GIRAFFE 101 OBA stars, among them 9 are ELS with circumstellar emission in Halpha. We found that: W080 could be a new He-strong star, like W601. W301 is a possible classical Be star, W503 is a mass-transfer eclipsing binary with an accretion disk, and the other ones are possible Herbig Ae/Be stars. We also found that the rotational velocities of main sequence B stars are 18% lower than those of pre-main sequence B stars, in good agreement with theory about the evolution of rotational velocities. Combining different indications and technics, we found that 27% of the B-type stars are binaries. We also redetermined the age of NGC6611 found equal to 1.2--1.8 Myears in good agreement with the most recent determinations.Comment: Accepted by A&A, english not yet correcte

And then there were four: a study of UK market concentration - causes, consequences and the scope for market adjustment

While concentration measures are a good indicator of market structure, the link with competitiveness is more complex than often assumed. In particular, the modern theory of industrial organisation makes no clear statement regarding the impact of concentration on competition - the focus of this paper is concentration and no inferences are made about competitive aspects of the market. The extent and nature of concentration within the UK listed company audit market as at April, 2002 and, pro forma, after the collapse of Andersen is documented and analysed in detail (by firm, market segment and industry sector). The largest four firms held 90 per cent of the market (based on audit fees) in 2002, rising to 96 per cent with the demise of Andersen. A single firm, Pricewaterhouse-Coopers, held 70 per cent or more of the share of six out of 38 industry sectors, with a share of 50 per cent up to 70 per cent in a further seven sectors. The provision of non-audit services (NAS) by incumbent auditors is also considered. As at April 2002, the average ratio of non-audit fees (paid to auditor) to audit fees was 208 per cent, and exceeded 300 per cent in seven sectors. It is likely, however, that disposals by firms of their management consultancy and outsource firms, combined with the impact of the Smith Report on audit committees will serve to reduce these ratios. Another finding is that audit firms with expertise in a particular sector appeared to earn significantly higher nonaudit fees from their audit clients in that sector. The paper thus provides a solid empirical basis for debate. The subsequent discussion considers the implications for companies and audit firms of the high level of concentration in the current regulatory climate, where no direct regulatory intervention is planned

Relativistically invariant analysis of polarization effects in exclusive deuteron electrodisintegration process

A general formalism for the calculation of the differential cross section and polarization observables, for the process of deuteron electrodisintegration, is developed in the framework of relativistic impulse approximation. A detailed analysis of the general structure of the differential cross section and polarization observables for the $e^-+d\to e^-+n+p$ reaction is derived, using the formalism of the structure functions. The obtained expressions have a general nature and they hold in the one--photon--exchange mechanism, assuming P--invariance of the hadron electromagnetic interaction. The model of relativistic impulse approximation is introduced and the final state interaction is taken into account by means of the unitarization of the helicity amplitudes. A detailed description of the unitarization procedure is also presented. Using different parametrizations of the deuteron wave functions, the following polarization observables are calculated in the kinematical region of quasi--elastic deuteron electrodisintegration: the asymmetry for the scattering of longitudinally polarized electrons on a polarized deuteron target, the proton and neutron polarizations (for longitudinally polarized electron beam or vector--polarized deuteron target). The sensitivity to the neutron electric form factor is also thorougly investigated. The predictions of the model are compared with the results of recent polarization measurements and a good agreement with the existing experimental data has been obtained.Comment: 90 pages, 17 figure

Rubidium in the Interstellar Medium

We present observations of interstellar rubidium toward o Per, zeta Per, AE Aur, HD 147889, chi Oph, zeta Oph, and 20 Aql. Theory suggests that stable 85Rb and long-lived 87Rb are produced predominantly by high-mass stars, through a combination of the weak s- and r-processes. The 85Rb/87Rb ratio was determined from measurements of the Rb I line at 7800 angstroms and was compared to the solar system meteoritic ratio of 2.59. Within 1-sigma uncertainties all directions except HD 147889 have Rb isotope ratios consistent with the solar system value. The ratio toward HD 147889 is much lower than the meteoritic value and similar to that toward rho Oph A (Federman et al. 2004); both lines of sight probe the Rho Ophiuchus Molecular Cloud. The earlier result was attributed to a deficit of r-processed 85Rb. Our larger sample suggests instead that 87Rb is enhanced in these two lines of sight. When the total elemental abundance of Rb is compared to the K elemental abundance, the interstellar Rb/K ratio is significantly lower than the meteoritic ratio for all the sight lines in this study. Available interstellar samples for other s- and r- process elements are used to help interpret these results.Comment: 24 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in Ap

Interfacial layering in a three-component polymer system

We study theoretically the temporal evolution and the spatial structure of the interface between two polymer melts involving three different species (A, A* and B). The first melt is composed of two different polymer species A and A* which are fairly indifferent to one another (Flory parameter chi_AA* ~ 0). The second melt is made of a pure polymer B which is strongly attracted to species A (chi_AB 0). We then show that, due to these contradictory tendencies, interesting properties arise during the evolution of the interface after the melts are put into contact: as diffusion proceeds, the interface structures into several adjacent "compartments", or layers, of differing chemical compositions, and in addition, the central mixing layer grows in a very asymmetric fashion. Such unusual behaviour might lead to interesting mechanical properties, and demonstrates on a specific case the potential richness of multi-component polymer interfaces (as compared to conventional two-component interfaces) for various applications.Comment: Revised version, to appear in Macromolecule

Marriage \`a-la-MOND: Baryonic dark matter in galaxy clusters and the cooling flow puzzle

I start with a brief introduction to MOND phenomenology and its possible roots in cosmology--a notion that may turn out to be the most far reaching aspect of MOND. Next I discuss the implications of MOND for the dark matter (DM) doctrine: MOND's successes imply that baryons determine everything. For DM this would mean that the puny tail of leftover baryons in galaxies wags the hefty DM dog. This has to occur in many intricate ways, and despite the haphazard construction history of galaxies--a very tall order. I then concentrate on galaxy clusters in light of MOND, which still requires some yet undetected cluster dark matter, presumably in some baryonic form (CBDM). This CBDM might contribute to the heating of the x-ray emitting gas and thus alleviate the cooling-flow puzzle. MOND, qua theory of dynamics, does not directly enter the microphysics of the gas; however, it does force a new outlook on the role of DM in shaping the cluster gasdynamics: MOND tells us that the cluster DM is not cold dark matter, is not so abundant, and is not expected in galaxies; it is thus not subject to constraints on baryonic DM in galaxies. The mass in CBDM required in a whole cluster is, typically, similar to that in hot gas, but is rather more centrally concentrated, totally dominating the core. The CBDM contribution to the baryon budget in the universe is thus small. Its properties, deduced for isolated clusters, are consistent with the observations of the ``bullet cluster''. Its kinetic-energy reservoir is much larger than that of the hot gas in the core, and would suffice to keep the gas hot for many cooling times. Heating can be effected in various ways depending on the exact nature of the CBDM, from very massive black holes to cool, compact gas clouds.Comment: 11 pages. Talk given at "Jean-Pierre Lasota, X-ray binaries, accretion disks and compact stars" (October 2007); Abramowicz, M. Ed., New Astron. Rev., in pres