Sistem Pengukuran Kinerja Supply Chain Management Pada Proyek Konstruksi

Construction project implementation process is often found inefficiency and problems at every stage of the construction process. Inefficiencies are caused because construction projects have high levels of fragmentation. The high level of fragmentation cannot be separated from the complexity and many work items on construction projects. To reduce the problem of inefficiencies in the implementation of construction projects required good supply chain management or better known as supply chain management (SCM) on construction projects. Therefore it is necessary to study the management of SCM in the construction project to reduce the inefficiency that occurred. SCM management of construction projects is done by designing SCM performance measurement systems in construction projects. This performance measurement system produces indicators that are combined with the Supply Chain Operation Reference (SCOR) method. So it helps in performing SCM performance measurement on construction projects. From the design results, obtained 14 SCM performance indicators on construction projects. The performance indicators are then used to perform SCM performance measurement of cement plant construction projects. From the measurement results obtained SCM performance value of 41 from a scale of 100. This shows the performance of SCM on construction projects for the construction of the cement plant is at a marginal level

M&V in ESPC: The U.S. Federal Experience and Implications for Developing ESPC Markets

The United States Federal Government has been conducting guaranteed savings energy savings performance contracts for over 20 years and now relies on ESPC for the majority of its energy efficiency work. Along with a related financed project type, these deals resulted in $4.2 billion of project investment in the five years ending in 2016, a pace that has even accelerated since. Measurement and verification (M&V) on the projects is the key to assuring savings realization and persistence. Perceived as a weakness or burdensome added cost in the early years of the program, M&V has become a strength. All energy conservation measures (ECMs) have some form of measurement – defined as a measured baseline establishment followed by at least one measurement of the main energy-saving parameter taken in the performance period for each ECM. The government’s in-house energy consulting office, the Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP), now recommends measurement of these “Option A” M&V ECMs throughout the contract term, usually annually. Moreover, a significantly higher percentage of projects are now characterized by more ambitious M&V, including Option B (all parameter measurement) for most generation (including renewable) and some efficiency measures, and more frequent Option C (whole facility utility bill analysis) for “deep retrofit” projects with multiple, interactive ECMs. Coincident with this progress in M&V has been a much greater embracing of ESPC by the federal agencies, resulting in the enormous rate of projects now executed. This paper traces the evolution of M&V in federal ESPC and argues that the heightened credibility of the savings has contributed significantly to the procurement vehicle’s long-term viability. This focus on savings integrity via M&V has been learned over two decades for U.S. federal ESPC, but countries with developing ESPC markets would be wise to emphasize it as their markets emerge, allowing them to avoid some of the “growing pains” experienced in the U.S

Agent-based distributed performance measurement system for ITSP projects

Measuring the development of an enterprise software project progress and performance is crucial to assure a project follow its path. This attention stems in parts from the frequent reports of high profile cases of mismanaged in IT projects particularly in enterprise level such as information technology strategic planning (ITSP) projects. Many project performance measurement models and frameworks have been proposed to address the problem, however, they are usually hard to manage and inefficient in practice due to the complexity, distribution and dynamism of these types of projects. A large and growing body of literature has shown the advantages of employing the agent technology in distributed, dynamic, and complex environments. Therefore, in this study the advantages of the agent technology will be applied to improve the progress and measurement process of the software project performance measurement approaches. In this paper, a multi-agent system architectural model with the focus in implementation phase of the ITSP projects is proposed to promote and facilitate the process of project performance measurement. Furthermore the prototype of the proposed solution is explained and the evaluation approach is discussed

The impact of contractor's characteristics in gauging level satisfaction

The outcomes of the construction projects can be evaluated in numerous ways. One method is to measure the satisfaction of participants as represented by the differences between their expectations and perceptions. This measurement is used widely in construction as it promises benefits, such as the improvement of product delivery, and enhances services quality by identifying some necessary changes. Commonly satisfaction measurement is gauged by evaluating the level of client satisfaction of construction performance. The measurement of customer satisfaction on the other hand, is based on the quality of the end product. This evaluation is used to encourage contractors to improve their performance to a required level and to ensure that the projects are delivered as expected- in terms of time, budget and quality. Several studies of performance measurement have indicated that contractor performance is still not satisfactory, as the outcome delivered is not as required (because of cost overruns, time overruns or because it is generally unsatisfactory). This drawback may be due to the contractors’ lack of expertise, motivation and/or satisfaction. The measurement of performance based on contractor satisfaction levels is still new and very few studies have yet taken place in the construction industry. This paper examines how the characteristics of a contracting organisation – namely its experience in the industry, background, past performance, size of organisation and financial stability- may influence its satisfaction levels with regards to project performance. Previous literature reviews and interviews are used as research tools in the preliminary investigation. The outcome is expected to present a basic understanding of contractor satisfaction measurement and its potential for improving the performance of project outcomes

Coupling Performance Measurement and Collective Activity: The Semiotic Function of Management Systems. A Case Study

Theories about management instruments often enter dualistic debates between structure and agency: do instruments determine the forms of collective activity (CA), or do actors shape instruments to their requirements, or are instruments and concrete activity decoupled, as some trends of new institutionalist theory assume? Attempts to overcome the dualistic opposition between structure and activity stem from diverse sources: actors’ networks theory, structuration theory, pragmatism, theory of activity, semiotics. Performance measurement and management systems can be defined as structural instruments engaged in CA. As such they constrain the activity, but they do not determine it. Reciprocally, they are modified by the way CA uses them and makes sense of them. The central thesis of this paper will be that it is impossible to study the role of performance measurement as a common language in organizations independently from the design of the CA in which it is engaged. There is a not deterministic coupling between structure (i.e. management technical tools) and CA (i.e. business processes). The transformation of CA entails a transformation in the meaning of the “performance” concept, in the type of measurement required and in the performance management practices. The relationship between performance measurement and CA is studied here in the production division of a large electricity utility in France. The research extended over several years and took place when two new management systems were simultaneously implemented: a new management accounting system and an integrated management information system (ERP), both in the purchasing process. The new management accounting system was designed by the purchasing department; the new management information system was designed by the operational departments. Whereas the coherence between both projects could have been given by their common subordination to the rebuilding of CA (the purchasing process), their disconnection from concrete CA opened the possibility of serious dissonances between them. Both the new performance management system and the new ERP met difficulties to provide common languages, since the dimension of CA was taken for granted and consequently partly ignored in the engineering of both systems. When CA incurs radical transformations, actors’direct discursive exchanges about it, “collective activity about collective activity”, become necessary to ensure a flexible and not deterministic coupling between CA and new management systems. This reflexive and collective analysis of the process by actors themselves requires the establishment of “communities of process”, which can jointly redesign the CA and its performance measurement system. We conclude that performance measurement can be a common language as far as there is a clear and shared understanding of how CA should concretely take place and should be assigned to the different categories of actors.Business Process; Collective Activity; Community of Process; Management Instruments; Performance Measurement; Semiotics; Theory of Activity

Earned value performance measurement : an alternative approach to measuring information systems project progress.

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Commerce, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Commerce.Information Systems (IS) project management is fundamental to organlzations who are involved in the development of information systems, yet IS projects can fail for any number of reasons, and insome cases can result in consi derable financial losses for the organisations that undertake them. One pattern of failure is .hat the IS project takes on a life of its own, continuing to absorb valuable resources without reaching its cbjective. A significant number of these projects will ultimately fail, potentially weakening an organisation's competitive position while siphoning off resources that could be spent developing and implementing successful systems. Earned value performance measurement (EVPM) is a management technique that relates resource planning to schedules and to technical performance requirements. It is formed on a platform of fundamental project management, but with earned value performance measurement, with its focus being the continuous measurement of actual achievement against a detailed performance plan, thus providing a basis for problem identification, corrective actions, and management replanning, whilst providing the information necessary to be able to predict the final costs and fmal schedule forecasts for the project. The purpose of this study is to highlight the earned value performance measurement system, and propose it as an alternative approach that can be used for controlling the IS software development effort.AC 201

Envelopment methodology to measure and compare subcontractor productivity at the firm level

This paper describes a conceptual approach to measure and compare productivity of resource utilization at the firm level, adapting a set of techniques known as Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Within this approach, the paper addresses the issues of multiple inputs and multiple outputs of a construction firm, level of detail for data collection, and the required transformations to correct for differences among projects. In particular, we focus on the resource management of subcontractors. Subcontractors manage multiple, concurrent projects and must allocate limited resources across these projects. Interaction between projects and resource allocation creates non-linear effects, and therefore the productivity of the firm is not simply the productivity of its projects. The proposed measurement methodology will allow assessment of the impact of different management policies (including many of those proposed by lean construction researchers) on firm performance. It is hoped that this novel approach to productivity measurement will help subcontractors identify efficient practices and superior management policies, and will promote adoption of these policies.<br /

Project performance measures for civil construction projects associated with different procurement strategies

The Australian construction industry, operating in both the public and private sectors, ‘is the fourth largest contributor to Gross Domestic Product in the Australian economy’ (Nitschke, 2010, para. 2). Given the significance of this industry to the Australian economy, it is critical that the way in which contractors are procured for projects, and the way in which their performance is monitored, is undertaken with a ‘best practice’ focus with the aim of delivering excellent project outcomes for clients. This dissertation investigated current procurement strategies and performance measures used on civil construction projects. Specifically, this dissertation was undertaken with the aim of determining the most common procurement strategies and performance measures used on civil construction projects, the relevance of these performance measures to the current industry, the opportunity to introduce new performance measures with a focus on driving innovation, establishing current industry thinking on procurement strategies and performance measures, and to determine industry thoughts on future approaches to procurement. Using a single round Delphi study, semi-structured interviews using a feed forward methodology were undertaken with 20 industry experts. These experts were selected based on their employment history and knowledge regarding procurement and performance measurement, with participants selected from private, local and state government works agencies, engineering consultancies as well as contracting companies. Using the Framework Approach, the qualitative data gathered in the Delphi study was assessed for trends and consensus of opinion amongst participants regarding the areas of investigation. It was identified that the industry continues to heavily utilise the construct only approach to procurement, with some use of the design and construct approach. Recession away from alternate approaches, such as alliancing, has been evident over the past five years. Investigations identified that the industry has come to accept performance measurement as an embedded element of project delivery, and that the influence this has creates positive impacts during the delivery of projects. Participants expressed that the current areas of performance measurement are reflective of the industry, and that there is not a need for new areas to be introduced. The concept of driving innovation through performance measurement was dismissed, and it was found that this should be done through the adoption of a suitable procurement strategy. Specifically, the industry nominated a preference of moving towards greater utilisation of the design and construct approach, with the belief that this could help to bring innovation into the industry. In addition to this, it was identified that this would also require a change of mindset from procuring agencies who currently stifle innovation through prescriptive specifications and standards, as well as a risk averse approach to project delivery. The study presents a number of additional findings regarding issues associated with current approaches to procurement and performance measurement, as well as discussing the limitations associated with this research, and potential future studies that can build upon this study