Gamma-ray spectroscopy: The diffuse galactic glow

The goal of this project is the development of a numerical code that provides statistical models of the sky distribution of gamma-ray lines due to the production of radioactive isotopes by ongoing Galactic nucleosynthesis. We are particularly interested in quasi-steady emission from novae, supernovae, and stellar winds, but continuum radiation and transient sources must also be considered. We have made significant progress during the first half period of this project and expect the timely completion of a code that can be applied to Oriented Scintillation Spectrometer Experiment (OSSE) Galactic plane survey data

Markov and Semi-markov Chains, Processes, Systems and Emerging Related Fields

This book covers a broad range of research results in the field of Markov and Semi-Markov chains, processes, systems and related emerging fields. The authors of the included research papers are well-known researchers in their field. The book presents the state-of-the-art and ideas for further research for theorists in the fields. Nonetheless, it also provides straightforwardly applicable results for diverse areas of practitioners

Application of learning algorithms to traffic management in integrated services networks.

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DXN027131 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

ISIPTA'07: Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Imprecise Probability: Theories and Applications

B

Z-Numbers-Based Approach to Hotel Service Quality Assessment

In this study, we are analyzing the possibility of using Z-numbers for measuring the service quality and decision-making for quality improvement in the hotel industry. Techniques used for these purposes are based on consumer evalu- ations - expectations and perceptions. As a rule, these evaluations are expressed in crisp numbers (Likert scale) or fuzzy estimates. However, descriptions of the respondent opinions based on crisp or fuzzy numbers formalism not in all cases are relevant. The existing methods do not take into account the degree of con- fidence of respondents in their assessments. A fuzzy approach better describes the uncertainties associated with human perceptions and expectations. Linguis- tic values are more acceptable than crisp numbers. To consider the subjective natures of both service quality estimates and confidence degree in them, the two- component Z-numbers Z = (A, B) were used. Z-numbers express more adequately the opinion of consumers. The proposed and computationally efficient approach (Z-SERVQUAL, Z-IPA) allows to determine the quality of services and iden- tify the factors that required improvement and the areas for further development. The suggested method was applied to evaluate the service quality in small and medium-sized hotels in Turkey and Azerbaijan, illustrated by the example

Statistical models for multihazards : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Statistics at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand

Listed in 2020 Dean's List of Exceptional ThesesFigures 3.2 and 3.3 are re-used under a Creative Commons license (CC BY 3.0 and CC BY 4.0 respectively). Figures 6.8 and 7.1 are re-used with the publishers' permission.Natural hazards such as earthquakes, floods and landslides threaten communities in every part of the world. Exposure to such perils can be reduced by mitigation and forward planning. These procedures require the estimation of event likelihoods, a process which is well understood for single hazards. However, spatio-temporal interaction between natural hazards, through triggering or simple coincidence, is not uncommon (e.g. Alaska 1964, the Armero tragedy, the Kaikoura earthquake), and can lead to more severe consequences than the simple sum of two separate events. Hence single hazard assessments may underestimate, or incorrectly estimate, the real risk through a lack of interaction analysis. In the existing research literature, multi-hazards assessments are most commonly approached qualitatively or semi-quantitatively, evaluating hazards via an interaction matrix, without formal quantification of the risk. This thesis presents a quantitative framework, using point processes as the key tool, to evaluate the interaction of primary hazards in the occurrence of secondary (triggered) ones. The concept of the ‘hazard potential’ is developed, as a means of generalizing hazard interactions in space and time, allowing event outcomes to be simulated within a simple point process framework. Two particular examples of multiple hazard interactions are presented: rainfall and/or earthquake-induced landslides, and the survival of landslide dams. In the first case, point processes are used to model the triggering influence of multiple factors in a large real dataset collected from various sources. By discretizing space and time to match the data resolution, a daily-spatio-temporal hazard model to evaluate the relative and combined effects on landslide triggering due to earthquakes and rainfall is created. The case study on the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna suggests that the triggering effects are additive. In the second example, a Bayesian survival model is developed to forecast the time to failure of landslide dams, based on their characteristics and those of the potential reservoir. A case study on heterogeneous Italian events is presented, together with examples of potential results (forecasting) and possible generalizations of the model

Fuzzy Sets, Fuzzy Logic and Their Applications 2020

The present book contains the 24 total articles accepted and published in the Special Issue “Fuzzy Sets, Fuzzy Logic and Their Applications, 2020” of the MDPI Mathematics journal, which covers a wide range of topics connected to the theory and applications of fuzzy sets and systems of fuzzy logic and their extensions/generalizations. These topics include, among others, elements from fuzzy graphs; fuzzy numbers; fuzzy equations; fuzzy linear spaces; intuitionistic fuzzy sets; soft sets; type-2 fuzzy sets, bipolar fuzzy sets, plithogenic sets, fuzzy decision making, fuzzy governance, fuzzy models in mathematics of finance, a philosophical treatise on the connection of the scientific reasoning with fuzzy logic, etc. It is hoped that the book will be interesting and useful for those working in the area of fuzzy sets, fuzzy systems and fuzzy logic, as well as for those with the proper mathematical background and willing to become familiar with recent advances in fuzzy mathematics, which has become prevalent in almost all sectors of the human life and activity